In a prospective longitudinal study the authors examined the associations between parent locus of control of reinforcement (LOCR), measured before the birth of a child, and behavioral-emotional outcomes in that child at age 7 years. A total of 307 couples completed questionnaires regarding their emotional status and LOCR at their first prenatal…

Six-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and 18-year-olds were studied in a probability learning experiment using a procedure analagous to that used in animal experiments. It was predicted that children, like rats, would choose higher probability alternatives more often with a noncorrection than a correction reinforcement procedure. (Author/DB)

It was hypothesized that an enhancement of goal objects would occur for children who were frustrated from receiving these goal objects. Three dependent measures were used to measure the frustration effects: size estimation, verbal evaluation, and selective attention. (Author)