Growth is estimated most accurately by procedures involving the pretest-posttest difference, and for practical purposes all estimates involving this difference have approximately equal accuracy. In particular, the simple difference between pretest and posttest scores seems about as accurate as any other estimate, easier to compute, and meaningful…

Kindergarten and first grade children participated in a training program designed to facilitate moral development. Stories that stimulated discussion of solutions to moral issues were read to children in the treatment group. Children in the treatment group, compared to controls, improved significantly in three of four specific areas tested.…

The cognitive styles of fifth-grade students and their teachers were assessed. Some teachers were made aware of the educational implications of field-dependence-independence and of the individual styles of their students and themselves. Self-concept and attitude toward school were measured prior to and at the conclusion of the experiment.…