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Peer reviewedCovington, Martin V.; Omelich, Carol L. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1981
What happens when explanations externalizing the cause of one's achievement failures are no longer credible? College undergraduates experiencing successive subjective failure in classroom tests gave postdictive explanations for failures, indicated shame, and rated expectancy for future success. Self-worth predictions suggest despair occurs when…
Descriptors: Academic Ability, Academic Failure, Achievement Need, Helplessness
Peer reviewedJohnson, Dona S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1981
Personality and behavioral consequences of learned helplessness were monitored in children experiencing failure in school. The predictive quality of learned helplessness theory was compared with that of value expectancy theories. Low self-concept was predicted significantly by school failure, internal attributions for failure, and external…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Attribution Theory, Expectation
