Compared the supervision that four psychologists (Ekstein, Ellis, Polster, and Rogers) each provided to the same supervisee. Subjects were 58 counseling supervisors who evaluated videotaped supervision sessions. Results showed the supervisors were perceived as differing in attractiveness, role, and supervisory methods, generally consistent with…

A supervision analogue was used to determine whether counselor trainees' preference for supervision method affects the outcome of supervision. An analysis of empathy ratings indicated that learning empathy was not contingent upon receiving the preferred supervision. Type of supervision received and interaction effect between supervisor and…

Conducted a series of studies (N=627) to develop and validate the Supervisory Styles Inventory (SSI), with parallel versions for supervisors and trainees. Four separate analyses consistently revealed three factors among the perceptions of heterogeneous samples of trainees and experienced supervisors, which suggests that supervisory style is…

The results yielded little evidence that the two methods of supervision were significantly different. More than half of the variance in how a trainee expected to be perceived by his clients was accounted for by knowing how he perceived his supervisor. (Author)

Studied relationship of variables to trainee's postfeedback agreement, recall, and content-evaluation reactions on rating scale measures. Findings indicated field-independent trainees agreed more and evaluated feedback content more positively than field-dependent trainees. Greater agreement, more positive content evaluation, and more accurate…

Examined effects of supervisor experience level (no, low, and high) on presession planning and in-session supervisor verbal behavior. No significant differences were found between levels in planning statements; however, differences were observed in supervision session. Low- and high-experience supervisors were rated more positively than…

Examined differences in supervision across levels of counselor training in three studies. Results were congruent with a developmental model, suggesting interpersonal influence variables, differences in supervisory effectiveness at different levels, and different types of critical incidents within supervision. (JAC)

Examined relational consequences of supervisors' and supervisees' disagreements about supervisee's counseling sophistication, using Stoltenberg's developmental model of counselor supervision. Supervisors perceived themselves as varying their behavior with supervisees of different developmental levels, though supervisees did not see this.…

Examined influences on perceptions of supervision relationships in 86 counselors and 92 supervisors. Semester end ratings showed that supervisees discriminated between relationship quality, which was affected by gender matching, supervisor gender, and supervisor behavior, and supervisor competence, which was affected only by supervisor behavior.…

Surveyed 237 counselor trainees from across the country regarding changes in supervisee perceptions of supervisor behavior as counselors gain experience. Results were congruent with previous research suggesting supervisors do change their behavior to match the needs of supervisees; however, supervision differed across settings. (JAC)

Uses an interactional analysis system to characterize beginning supervisory style. Considered the variance in supervisory interaction behaviors and the stability of such behaviors with different trainees. Concluded that beginning supervisors have individual predilections for supervisory behaviors that are stable with different trainees.…

Explored whether practicing supervisors (N=37) perceived themselves varying their supervision process across four trainee experience levels and whether supervisor demographic variables related to variance in the supervision process. Results showed that supervisors significantly varied supervisions between second and advanced practicum level…

Fifteen counseling center supervisors were interviewed about 3 instances related to important feedback with an intern supervisee: in which the feedback was given easily, in which it was given reluctantly or with difficulty, and another in which it was not given. Supervisors indicated that easy feedback was most often about clinical problems, was…

Audio- or videotaping and one-way mirrors are often used in clinical supervision. Yet, the effects of audio- or videotaping on supervisees have yielded equivocal results. Some studies suggest that audio- or videotaping increases trainee anxiety and hinders performance, whereas other studies suggest negligible effects. The authors present 2 studies…

Subjects were assigned as counselors for counseling interviews. Counselor effectiveness and facilitative responding were subjected to analyses of variance. The study indicated that inexperienced counseling students can be taught specific basic counseling skills in a brief supervisory encounter of a didactic or combined didactic-experiential nature…