Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies of art represent an attractive way to introduce undergraduate students to concepts in nanoscience, vibrational spectroscopy, and instrumental analysis. Here, we present an undergraduate analytical or physical chemistry laboratory wherein a combination of normal Raman and SERS spectroscopy is used to…

Relates pottery making to chemistry by providing chemical information about clay, its origin, composition, properties, and changes that occur during firing; also describes glaze compositions, examples of redox chemistry, salt glazing, crystalline glazes, and problems in toxicity. (CS)

Reviews primary routes of entry and potential hazards related to chemicals commonly found in artists' materials. Tables list the uses and hazards of solvents and airborne particulates and dusts. (CS)

Describes various aspects of the composition, production, historical, and current use of glass in human society. Gives print and Internet references for further information. (WRM)

Describes solution spectrophotometry as a simple, rapid identification technique for organic paint pigments. Reports research which includes analytical schemes for the extraction and separation of organic pigments based on their solubilities, and the preparation of an extensive reference collection of spectral curves allowing their identification.…

Reviews historical and ongoing links between the chemical industry and art. Covers additional topics concerning the three components of color production and the molecular basis of light modification by colored compounds. (CS)

Applies chemical and physical concepts to origins of color, perception of color, opacity and transparency, and other optical effects. (CS)

Examines the kinds of chemical substances which exhibit color, including conjugated organic compounds, coordination compounds, compounds which transfer charge, and semiconductors. (CS)

Presents questions and answers regarding definitions for and differences between paints, pigments, and dyes; unique properties of diazo dyes; the differences in colorants of water base and oil base paints; and permanance of ink. (CS)

Includes information on: (1) relationship of art and science; (2) paintings' early history; (3) Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, Byzantine, and Medieval painting; (4) chemical analysis of pigments; (5) chemistry of early pigments; and (6) paint media. Tabular data are provided on chemical names for artists' pigments with their earliest known dates. (CS)

Focuses on the chemistry of fibers commonly used by artists. Presents information regarding the reactions of these fibers to dyes, bleaches, solvents, and other selected agents of design. Tables provide a classification of natural and manufactured fibers, characteristics, chemical formulas and reactions of selected fibers, and characteristics of…

Provides a brief history of natural dyes. Chemical formulas are provided for flavonoids, luteolin, genistein, brazilin, tannins, terpenes, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, and dyes with an alkaloid structure. Also discusses chemical background of different dye processes. (CS)

Describes laboratory methods for synthesizing chrome yellow, prussian blue, and phthalalocyanine blue; reviews chemical properties of artists' pigments including chemical structure and light-scattering properties; and explains how pigments are classified. (CS)

Twelve papers focusing on various aspects of teaching chemistry to the nonchemist are presented. Includes details of courses designed around specific topics and/or needs (such as art hazards), use of field trips, issues related to the problem of explaining technical ideas to lay persons, and other topic areas. (JN)

Describes a one-year high school course in applied chemistry and introductory art. Gives a course overview by art and chemistry topic. Discusses color, painting surfaces, clays and glazes, texture and line, jewelry making, photography, art history, and chemical hazards in art. (CW)