In this article, the terms "Ebonics" and "Mainstream American English" are defined. (Author/MC)

Describes major features of pronoun usage, verbs, and nouns in contemporary Gullah. Points out that most research on Black dialects has focused on northern inner city Black speech, and that this variety of Black English is different from the creole-based language patterns prevalent among Blacks in the southeastern United States. (GC)

Criticizes Herskovit's "Myth of the Negro Past" and Turner's "Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect" for their emphasis on trait diffusion, lack of any index of relative linguistic significance of specific items, failure to assess the importance of the dominant White culture, and failure to maintain historical and cultural…

Suggests that Ebonics has been mediated in ways that clearly reveal American racial politics, which remain hostile to African Americans, describing the dominant strategies used to mediate Ebonics and locating those media strategies within the cultural context of racist circumstances, the racist political history of African Americans, and African…

Reviews the debate between Herskovits, Turner, and Johnson on Africanisms in Gullah. Suggests that Whinnom's approach, which considers pidgins and creoles under the rubric of "linguistic hybridization," is a more appropriate model with which to view Gullah, making irrelevant the question of whether it is an African or European language.…

Compiled in order to assist researchers and students in identifying works by Black authors, enhancing research and instruction in Afro-American studies, and ensuring that contributions of Afro-American authors to the intellectual development of the nation will not be "lost, strayed, or stolen." Does not purport to be exhaustive. (Author/RDN)

Activities for teaching Ebonics-speaking children to differentiate between problematic standard English and Ebonic forms are presented. (Author/MC)

The ways in which Black consciousness and experience emerge in the works of three Black poets are explored in this article. Historical, cultural, psychological, and linguistic influences are considered. (GC)

Presents the role of the black psychologist in the area of theorizing on black behavior in terms of the task of criticizing what has heretofore been written about black behavior, and also in terms of what the black psychologist should bring to this area of knowledge to replace past writing with ulterior motivation. (Author/JM)

This article surveys the literature on Ebonics that was published from 1865 to 1975. The linguistic features of Ebonics are categorized into phonological, systactical, and lexical groupings. (Author)

Argues that the temptation to isolate Black Englsh and to identify it as a single cause for all black problems in America must be resisted; e.g. those who suggest that Black English usage is the primary cause of reading problems in black children ignore many factors which may be possible causes of failure, such as inadequate schools. (Author/JM)

Analyzes 10 theoretical approaches to Black language studies. Divides these into two categories: those that deny the existence of a separate Black language and those that recognize a distinct form of communication. Examines the relationship between language and politics and Black scholars' self-determination as cultural factors influencing…

In this article, pedagogical problems in adapting second language teaching techniques for teaching standard English to speakers of Ebonics are discussed. Suggestions for improving teacher training programs are made. (Author/MC)

It is not necessary for Black children to lose their ethnic, linguistic, and cultural behavior patterns when learning standard English, if they are taught by enlightened teachers using innovative educational programs. (Author/MC)

Some of the consequences of not incorporating Ebonics into educational programs for Black children are discussed. (Author/MC)