Labor shortages mean that in the future almost the entire growth of Soviet industrial production will come from increased labor productivity. Describes the present level and growth rate and offers comparisons with other countries, and explains differences. Reviews ways being used to increase productivity. (Author/JOW)

While the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) faces a labor shortage, Azerbaijan has a labor surplus. Efforts are underway to ensure appropriate changes in industrial employment. Policymakers are also attempting to achieve an optimal concentration of industry, increase worker mobility, improve vocational training, and ensure sex equity.…

Explores the impact of employment promotion companies initially intended to bridge job shortages and help German workers find unsubsidized employment. Considers whether they contributed to labor market restructuring or distorted competition with private companies. (SK)

Recognizing that comprehensive labor force information is vital to the development of employment policy, the International Labour Organisation instituted a series of experiments to test the use of key informants at local levels to collect the information. The success of the approach requires international cooperation in providing technical…

Discusses an International Labour Organization program based on scenario-building, regular reporting on labor markets, indicators of imbalances in labor supply and demand, and extension of manpower assessment and planning to the informal sector. Looks at progress, areas calling for action, and outstanding tasks. (JOW)

In an overview of the main factors that have contributed to the currently high rates of unemployment in OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, the author examines in particular labor supply; structural and technological change; the functioning of the labor market; and macroeconomic policies. (Author/CT)

Reviews theoretical explanations for gender segregation in occupations: neoclassical, human capital, institutional and labor market segmentation, and gender discrimination. Determines that gender discrimination theories are most compelling, given the enormous overlap in abilities and preferences of individual men and women. (SK)

This article presents a brief account of some of the new directions that manpower planning has taken in recent years viewed primarily in the light of activities undertaken by the International Labour Office technical cooperation program in this field. (Author/CT)

The authors believe that one should beware of adopting too general an approach to Third World training which fails to take account of different types of education and training. At the same time, they view the economy as a whole, including the rural sector and informal activities. (Author/CT)

In recent years the economy of the Dominican Republic has experienced rapid growth without reducing urban unemployment. The research project measured the relationship between growth and employment, examining the behavior of factors affecting labor demand and supply. Available from: ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211, Geneva,…

About three-quarters of current unemployment in these countries is due to deficient labor force demand. Changes in economic policy and improvement in labor mobility are necessary elements in solving the problem. (Author/SK)

Analyzes labor market effects of the aging population, examines projected population and employment trends in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries; effects on savings and productivity; and projections for 2000-2050 in six countries. Discuses national and international policies to increase employment of older adults and…

This article discusses the difficulties involved in obtaining accurate labor force data for Third World women, from the point of view of interviewers, respondents, and labor statisticians or economists. Suggestions are then made regarding alternative definitions of the labor force and survey questionnaire structures in order to overcome some of…

The authors contend that problems associated with rapid population growth in developing countries must be tackled through comprehensive planning. They discuss impacts of demography on labor supply and demand and migration. Then they propose a practical framework for population and human resource development planning and policy formation. (SK)

Vocational training often fails to provide what employers need and students want. To correct supply/demand mismatches requires improving feedback from employers, increasing the flow of information, bringing schools closer to businesses, rewarding institutions for successful employment of graduates, and providing incentives for entrepreneurs. (SK)