Discusses the causes of the failure of rural development projects in developing countries and concludes that governments and agencies providing assistance need to devote more attention to land reform, improvement of rural institutions and delivery systems, and adjustments in economic policies. (JOW)

After reviewing trends in industrial production, exports, and employment in the Third World since 1960, the author discusses industrialization strategies based on the local processing of raw materials for export. Such processing has proved to be a major factor in job creation. (Author/SK)

Describes the most common types of home-based employment activities and looks at advantages and disadvantages of such small enterprises, their profitability, and measures that could be taken to solve problems that arise. (Author/JOW)

Examines how developing nations' agrarian economy fared in the 1980s in the wake of the world economic crisis. Discusses how the economic crisis affected agricultural development and whether the performance of the agrarian economy was responsible for the economic crisis. (JOW)

Analysis of occupational structures in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States shows divergent paths toward postindustrial society, with different forms of knowledge-based production (service-economy and info-industrial) that reflect cultural and institutional diversity. (SK)

Reviews the research on the effects of new technologies on employment, work, and society. Indicates that advanced technologies can reduce the cost and improve the quality and range of goods and services and can raise employment levels. Care must be taken to ensure that certain groups do not suffer disproportionately from labor force adjustments.…

To overcome isolation and disorganization of small urban producers, an experiment in Benin organized group-based networks to manage economic and financial services based on user needs and local culture. The feasibility and sustainability of these networks depend on recognition by existing institutions. (SK)

Drawing on his long experience of Africa, the author discusses what needs to be done and what needs to be avoided to ensure that labor-intensive special public works programs yield tangible and lasting results. (Author)

Discusses factors contributing to structural changes in developing countries and concludes that unemployment and underemployment are best countered by generating new productive activities, developing economic linkages, and stimulating an increase in the number of workplaces. Advocates cooperation among developing nations. (JOW)

Examines the attitudes of the public authorities in various countries concerning child-care services for working parents and the different systems of care in operation in industrial and developing nations. (Author/CT)

Discusses an International Labour Organization program based on scenario-building, regular reporting on labor markets, indicators of imbalances in labor supply and demand, and extension of manpower assessment and planning to the informal sector. Looks at progress, areas calling for action, and outstanding tasks. (JOW)

In contrast to other East Asian countries, in Papua New Guinea the economy is stagnating due to high labor costs, overvalued currency, stagnant productivity, high government consumption, and barriers to external and internal investment and exports. (SK)

The author defines the output and effectiveness of training and its monetary and psychological costs and discusses the cost-benefit implications of institution-based training, enterprise-based training, apprenticeships, self-instruction, and new educational technologies. He argues that an examination of these implications is indispensible for…

The author discusses economic development and its effect on poor women in developing countries. She covers constraints to participation in training that affect women. Implications are presented. (CH)

Defines "disadvantaged youth" and reviews vocational training and employment programs designed for them. Finds that these activities tend to favor the relatively privileged rather than those with the greatest need. (SK)