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Direct linkPesonen, Anu-Katriina; Raikkonen, Katri; Kajantie, Eero; Heinonen, Kati; Henriksson, Markus; Leskinen, Jukka; Osmond, Clive; Forsen, Tom; Barker, David J. P.; Eriksson, Johan G. – Intelligence, 2011
We examined the effects of early life stress (ELS) on intellectual ability in 2,725 20-year-old male participants, of whom 321 were separated temporarily (mean 1.7 years) from both their parents during World War II, at an average age of 4.3 years. Intellectual ability was tested when entering compulsory military service. The separated men had…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Cognitive Ability, Males, Young Adults
Brunner, Martin; Krauss, Stefan; Kunter, Mareike – Intelligence, 2008
Empirical studies of high school mathematics typically report small gender differences in favor of boys. The present article challenges this established finding by comparing two competing structural conceptions of mathematical ability. The standard model assumes mathematical ability alone to account for the interindividual differences observed on…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Mathematics, Nonverbal Ability, Cognitive Ability
Calvin, Catherine M.; Fernandes, Cres; Smith, Pauline; Visscher, Peter M.; Deary, Ian J. – Intelligence, 2010
General cognitive ability ("g") does not explain sex differences in academic test performance by the end of compulsory education. Instead, individual differences in specific reasoning abilities, after removing the effects of "g," may contribute to the observed gender gaps. Associations between general or specific cognitive…
Descriptors: State Schools, Females, Compulsory Education, Academic Achievement
