Far from regarding editions of the complete works of great scientists as monuments testifying to the glory of a nation, the authors consider that such editions provide the most direct access to the scientific knowledge of the past. A bibliography of complete works of scientists established by adopting as a criterion the exhaustive nature of the…

The traditional roles of historic collections of instruments, machinery, and their curators and the recent changes in the priorities of national science museums are described. The importance of communication and interpretation in museology is discussed. (KR)

The emergence and impact of the sociology of scientific knowledge and its main research sites, tools, and debates are described. Weak and strong agendas for the sociology of science are identified, based upon how far sociologists wish to treat knowledge itself as a social product. (KR)

New interpretations of the "chemical revolution" associated with the name of Lavoisier are considered, as is the growth of chemistry as a profession in France, Germany, and Britain. Both biographical and institutional approaches are used to help relate the history of chemistry to other areas. (KR)

The link between science and society is examined by studying the application of evolution theories and genetics to human affairs. Described are the ways in which biological theories have been applied to social issues. (KR)

Ways of describing the past of science and studying the evolution of scientific ideas are presented. Sociology and scientific ideas, the use of the history of science, historians of science, and why the history of science is needed are discussed. (KR)

How African societies interpret science and technology in their daily life situations is discussed. The relationship that exists between socioeconomic and political concerns and the transfer of technology is examined. Suggested is a major reorientation and restructuring of science and technology at the domestic and international levels. (KR)

Described is how scholars of medieval Islam used simple and adequate methods for regulating the calendar and prayer-times and for finding the sacred direction. Other applications of science to daily life are provided. (KR)

Described is the History of Science as a flourishing branch of scholarly research and cultural life in Italy, with a growing impact on social demand for knowledge and intellectual participation. The relationship between History and Philosophy of Science is discussed. (KR)

Introduces the definition and conventions of distance education, otherwise called correspondence coursework, as it has developed over the last several decades. Characterizes the movement of distance education from peripheral to central prominence in many educational systems, particularly as relates to the challenges and opportunities in the…

Discussed is the history and elements of the personal computer. Its uses as a laboratory assistant and generic toolkit for mathematical analysis and modeling are included. The future of the personal computer in research is addressed. (KR)

Discussed is the Human Genome Project which aims to decipher the totality of the human genetic information. The historical background, the objectives, international cooperation, ethical discussion, and the role of UNESCO are included. (KR)

Reviews several surveys on public attitude towards science and technology. Provides some questions and the response distribution tables across years. Discusses the survey research organizations, survey methodology, evaluation of the survey, and conclusions. (YP)

Addresses research results and controversies concerning the ergonomic design of computer work stations ranging from the traditional concerns with anthropometric fashions, work posture, and visual performance to the recent considerations about human information processing capacities and awareness of problem-solving strategies. (eight references)…

Discusses the objectives, problems, and difficulties involved in the popularization of science. Describes popular scientific journals, scientists, journalists, exhibitions, museums, science-related social problems, the role of the mass media, and global problems. (RT)