2010 sees the end of the process of establishing the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Although not all countries may have achieved all the objectives, many are those countries and universities who have implemented many of the targets set. Within the Bologna Process, there have been many developments such as: European Credit Transfer and…

The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) has been developed and instituted to facilitate student mobility and academic recognition. This paper presents, discusses, and illustrates the pertinence and the limitation of the current statistical distribution of the ECTS grades, and we propose an alternative way to calculate the ECTS…

This article assesses the impact of the Bologna Process on the grading schemes of EU member countries. In light of some problems regarding the implementation of the European Credit Transfer system (ECTS), the author proposes further reforms and offers some elements of a unified grading system for European higher education. The author explores the…

The provisions of the Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees concening Higher Education in the States belonging to the European Region, in effect since 1982 are reviewed, along with a report of progress made in putting its principles and provisions into practice internationally. (MSE)

The status of signature and ratification of six regional cooperative conventions concerning recognition of study abroad is reported. They are conventions for: Latin America and the Caribbean; Arab and European states bordering on the Mediterranean; the Arab states; the Europe region; the African states; and Asia and the Pacific. (MSE)

Poland's participation in the 1972 Prague convention on the international recognition among socialist countries of secondary school diplomas, specialized secondary school credentials, higher education degrees, and higher academic titles and degrees is outlined. (MSE)

An overview of cooperation among higher education authorities and institutions in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) is given, and agreements between those countries concerning the recognition of studies, diplomas, and degrees are outlined. (MSE)

The 10 bilateral and two multilateral international conventions that Hungary has entered into, concerning the recognition of higher education degrees and diplomas, are described. (MSE)

The activities of UNESCO, the Council of Europe, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the European Economic Community to promote academic mobility and international recognition of credits and degrees are outlined, and problems still to be solved are discussed. (MSE)

Transparent and consistent credit transfer procedures are essential if EU Universities are to successfully build the European Higher Education Area and thrive in the emerging global knowledge economy. Currently, the European Credit Transfer System is the most widely used mechanism to enable credit transfer between universities in different EU…

Individual students and scholars from developing or developed countries are entitled to have their personal achievements in education, research, and science evaluated according to identical standards. Only the development of systems of comparability in these fields will increase the level of mutual confidence and cooperation. (MSE)

It is concluded from a review of available literature on international educational mobility and the recognition of degrees, diplomas, and studies that there is substantial general information on equivalence and mobility but too little written about solution of daily policy and decision-making questions. (MSE)

The efforts of UNESCO to study and recommend guidelines for the international recognition of higher education degrees and diplomas, as a means of promoting international academic mobility, are chronicled and discussed. (MSE)

Issues arising in international comparison of academic degrees and credentials, including institutional vs. governmental responsibility for the determination of equivalence, admission criteria and prerequisites for foreign student enrollment, and necessary qualifications for visiting faculty, are discussed in the context of the European Convention…

A discussion concerning international recognition of degrees, diplomas, and other academic credentials focuses on such things as the range of diplomas awarded in that system, information on the diploma, its external public and vocational worth, and program access. (MSE)