This article empirically examines the spread of higher education in Japan and the resulting changes in labor quality in the last two decades. This study uses the Divisia index numbers to measure the labor quality and quality-adjusted labor supply. It points out that quality might have declined rapidly in the recent past among higher educated…

This article presents a theoretical framework for an encompassing international comparative study of a central aspect of the Bologna process; the introduction of two-tiered study structures (TTSS), often referred to as "Bachelor and Master". The framework is tailored to understand and explain the patterns of TTSS that currently emerge in…

A survey of Australian university administrators examined issues and problems in university operations in the 1990s, following extensive reforms in the Australian higher education system. The survey investigated such factors as decision-making structures, characteristics of management practice, external influences on governance and management,…

Asserts that designing public policies that effectively balance the competitive needs of the university sector with the public interest is a complex issue, and presents a general framework for analyzing these regulatory policy issues. Illustrates the framework with policies from Europe and the United States. (EV)

African universities, with declining public resources, are increasingly dependent on private financial support for basic expenses. A study at two universities (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique) illustrates the seriousness of the problem and some of the issues. Better planning and coordination of fund raising is called for,…

Examines the overriding aims and purposes underlying the University of California's forms of governance and administration, viewed in terms of two broadly shared and mutually reinforcing principles: maximization of the university's autonomy and pursuit of its preeminence in every possible department, service, and activity. It is suggested that the…

Reviews the status of national higher education evaluation systems and examines the lack of research into the process and nature of policy choice. Proposals are offered concerning methods to assist future policy choices and analysis of these systems. Identifies both positive achievements and controversial examples of national evaluation system…

This essay compares and contrasts approaches to access and equity in these two nations, focusing largely on higher education (HE) in England and public HE in select states in the US. Three general themes are offered in the following narrative. The first is the transition of admission policy making from an internal academic decision to an…

The collegial model of organizational governance, common in universities in developing countries, is seen as unsustainable without external supervision because it will tend to create an authoritarian administration that will impair collegial norms and misallocate scarce resources. Limiting administrative scope through external scrutiny or charter…

Changes in educational research in the last years of the Soviet Union occurred because research could no longer serve as a branch of total planning in an engineered society. Researchers floundered when faced with new forms of political authority and social relations, but then addressed new questions of teaching and learning. This process may have…

Governance relationships between governments and higher education institutions are examined in 75 countries, states, and provinces, using 19 indicators. Results are used to examine assumptions about institutional autonomy in the United States as compared with other contexts. Substantial diversity was found, suggesting systems have created their…

Expresses concern about recent trends in financing higher education in India. Outlines several proposals for finance reform and considers national and international experiences with them. Argues that reform suggestions being made for developing countries are not empirically valid for the contexts in which they are to be implemented. (Author/MSE)

This review suggests that research on the relationship between higher education and the world of work has been closely linked to changing themes of policy and practice. A diversity of research approaches is noted, as well as a common core of issues. Suggests that research in this area be based on anticipation of changes likely in the future, e.g.,…

An Ontario (Canada) study used longitudinal data on high school seniors of 1973 to investigate educational and work decisions, looking at such factors as the influence of student characteristics on skill-to-job mismatch, predictors of mismatch for college versus university graduates, and effects of student exposure to alternative education on…

Donors to higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa have urged universities to undertake strategic planning, including restructuring of relationships with government. Such plans must have a different structure and focus than traditional strategic plans, and include determination of academic priorities and leadership. It is important for African…