A study of enrollment and degree rates in science, agriculture, and non-sciences in developing and developed countries suggests patterns are similar, with science and agriculture degrees somewhat higher for some developing nations. Results suggest that emphasis on science and agriculture are less crucial than overall enrollment in producing…

The financial impact of foreign student enrollments is examined from a cost-benefit viewpoint. The discussion considers both direct and indirect costs for institutions, suggests ways of adjusting the cost-benefit approach for analyses at the national level, and addresses financial issues critical to the formation of institutional and national…

The structure of the American school system is viewed as an embodiment and source of fluidity of class boundaries. Community colleges are seen as an expression of characteristics of the educational system which reinforces the ideology that it is never too late for talent to reveal itself and be rewarded. (Author/MSE)

Data on educational opportunity for U.S.A., Seden, Spain and Germany are used to portray diverse status profiles of students. Then changes in rates of attendance for three status categories in Sweden from 1950 to 1970 are measured in three ways. Results show a strong tendency toward social "democratization" in Sweden. (Editor/JT)

The relationship between business cycles and expansion in higher education in 1870-1985 is analyzed and compared for Germany, Italy, France, the United States, and Japan. In most countries, expansion corresponded to economic recession. Spectral analysis, used to explore the cyclical character of the phenomenon, was found to be a powerful…

The status of higher education for nontraditional, adult students in a variety of countries is examined, looking at national enrollment patterns and at related public policies and programs. Unique and valuable alternative instructional strategies are found, many based on adult learning theory. (MSE)

The results of a study of patterns in the awarding of Indonesian higher education degrees are reported. The study looked at sex and age of graduates as it related to their type and level of degree, type of institution, area of study, and employment and promotion patterns. (Author/MSE)

Financing issues associated with the evolution of Argentina's national universities, 1960-90, are examined. Major trends in student population, faculty, and government spending are outlined, the teaching and research market is discussed, and several proposals to ease constraints are presented and analyzed for feasibility. (Author/MSE)

A Markov chain is used to model the movement of undergraduates through the higher education system in Australia. Given the student's age on commencing a course of study, the model provides estimates of the probability of course completion, mean time for completion, and mean time spent in the higher education system. (Author/MSE)

The impact of 1981 reforms in Chile's higher education system is described and analyzed. The system has been diversified by encouragement of private universities and creation of professional institutes and technical training centers. Funding system changes have produced student loan recovery problems and limited private offerings. Oversupply of…

A study analyzed the institutional cost structures of Turkey's postsecondary vocational education system. Appropriate controls for institutional quality, discretionary allocation of staffing resources, degree of technical instruction in the curriculum, and regional variation are included. Average and marginal costs per institution are examined…

Major changes in British higher education in the last five years are analyzed, including increasing student numbers, mandated government assessment, linking funding to assessment, modularized curriculum, and the competency movement. Comparisons are drawn with the United States, and the impact of the policy changes on one institution, the…

The high level of college admission of women in Japan is analyzed relative to changes in social and educational values, continuing evidence of gender tracking, persistent doubts regarding "appropriateness" of higher education for women, employment opportunities and related national legislation, and values held by Japanese women…

Discussion of Romania's higher education looks at the crisis since 1989 and government strategies for revitalization, including expanded access, increases in social science enrollments, spontaneous establishment of private institutions, and the problems of limited resources. Comprehensive reform of the state's role in financing and governance is…