Contemporary South Korean student activism, characterized by complicated ideology, highly developed organization, and connections with other social powers, is examined. Despite its national influence, student activism is being criticized by the public and students alike because of underlying revolutionary ideologies and episodes of violence.…

A discussion of issues and considerations in planning for the opening of distance education institutions in developing and developed nations draws on the experience of recently established institutions and looks at government involvement, the political process, and the role, composition, schedule, and reports of planning committees. (MSE)

The relative calm among students in France in the 1970s is explained in terms of the institutionalization of politics within the university, increased diversity on campus, and the relatively increasing returns of higher education. Conflicts of the 1970s are characterized as corporalistic-particularistic-materialistic. (JMF)

Four major paths of academic coordination in higher education are detailed: by bureaucracy, profession, politics, and the market. All four are involved in all national academic systems, but in widely varying strengths and combinations. Each performs needed functions, and policy becomes a matter of balance and mutual adjustment. (Author/JMD)

The Italian student movement's move from libertarian utopia to political terrorism is analyzed in terms of the social and economic crisis in Italy. This is characterized by the collapse of representative student institutions, the rise of dogmatism and sectarianism, and the glorification of violence as a means of social change. (JMF)

The historical path that led to the American system of institutional diversity in higher education is examined, and its positive (e.g., institutional autonomy, flexibility) and negative (e.g., possible over-responsiveness to short-term pressures) consequences are discussed. Issues in the privatization of higher education systems in other countries…

A study analyzed reasons why an introductory chemistry course serves as a gatekeeper that governs enrollment at Denmark's Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. It concluded that admission procedures and criteria, the market economy model for higher education, and curriculum structure emphasizing pure science as foundation for biological…

Some of the reasons for the comparative decline of the elite sector are analyzed, including (1) the historical transition from elite to mass access to universal higher education, (2) the politicization of higher education, and (3) the increasing submergence of higher education under external social controls. The preservation of an elite or "highly…

A theory of communicative action is suggested as a framework for examining the quality and nature of the intellectual interaction between Chinese scholars and their counterparts in the universities of the capitalist world. Recent Chinese political events are linked to a fundamental change in the knowledge orientation of Chinese universities. (MSE)

The ways in which state higher education coordinating boards diffuse information about academic innovations is examined, and it is concluded that both the types of change they favor and their dissemination strategies are linked to their political position and the broad political and policy perspective it requires. (Author/MSE)

Resumption and development of graduate education since 1976 are described, with attention to admissions, examinations, stress on science and engineering, institution types, curriculum, dissertations, the new degree system, and teaching and research employment patterns. Interrelationships of graduate study and the educational and political debate,…

Politics of planning are more intensive and defensive in decline than in growth, and changes in standards for organizational consensus may occur. Developing strategic contingency plans and developing strategic planning policies differ in problems and advantages. Contrasting planning styles are characteristic of U.S. institutions and United Kingdom…

This paper examines the use of student loans, a capitalist form of educational financing, in a socialist country, the People's Republic of China. Details of the program, including eligibility, loan amounts, interest charges, administration, and repayment terms, are summarized. The paper suggests that major problems may be encountered in securing…

A survey of approximately 150 Moscow (Russia) university students investigated cheating behavior and attitudes. Results indicated that most students cheated and justified cheating by finding fault with the educational system. It is suggested these attitudes are also linked to the overall structure of the Soviet system, and that Perestroika…

Issues raised during a 1990 seminar on effects of programs and policies for foreign students and study abroad are reviewed. Specifically, concerns about national policy and institutional responses in light of changing patterns of foreign student flows and against the background of the new global economic and political setting are examined.…