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Diana L. Jenkins; Aubrey L. Hoffer; Dawn DeLay – Grantee Submission, 2024
The current study explored the relation between sexual orientation, masculinity ideology, and sexism among 380 adult heterosexual and bisexual women. Participants completed measures of sexual orientation, masculinity ideology, hostile sexism, and benevolent sexism. Mean-level analyses concluded that heterosexual women scored significantly higher…
Descriptors: Masculinity, Ideology, Gender Bias, Sexual Orientation
Anjali Adukia; Alex Eble; Emileigh Harrison; Hakizumwami Birali Runesha; Teodora Szasz – Grantee Submission, 2023
Books shape how children learn about society and norms, in part through representation of different characters. We use computational tools to characterize representation in children's books widely read in homes, classrooms, and libraries over the last century, and describe economic forces that may contribute to these patterns. We introduce new…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Racism, Gender Bias, Childrens Literature
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Jabreon Jackson – Grantee Submission, 2024
By framing the phenomenon of resilience around adverse, harmful experiences and drawing a direct relation to positive outcomes, society desensitizes Black Women to the scale of the adversities they face and ignores the magnitude of psychological stress they have had to endure as a means of survival. The praise and reinforcement associated with…
Descriptors: African Americans, Student Personnel Workers, Higher Education, Resilience (Psychology)
Melis Muradoglu; Sophie H. Arnold; Sarah-Jane Leslie; Andrei Cimpian – Grantee Submission, 2023
Why are some fields and occupations more diverse than others? In this review, we describe a conceptual framework--the field-specific ability beliefs (FAB) model--that provides a promising answer to this question. This model proposes that gender and racial/ethnic imbalances in a field or occupation result in part from the confluence of two beliefs:…
Descriptors: Ability, Beliefs, Cognitive Ability, Stereotypes
Molly Y. Lewis; Matt Cooper Borkenhagen; Ellen Converse; Gary Lupyan; Mark Seidenberg – Grantee Submission, 2022
We investigated how gender is represented in children's books using a novel 200,000 word corpus comprising 247 popular, contemporary books for young children. Using human judgments and word co-occurrence data, we quantified gender biases of words in individual books and in the whole corpus. We find that children's books contain many words that…
Descriptors: Gender Issues, Gender Differences, Young Children, Childrens Literature
Anjali Adukia; Callista Christ; Anjali Das; Ayush Raj – Grantee Submission, 2022
The way that people of different identities are portrayed in children's books can send subconscious messages about how positively or negatively children should think about people with those identities. These messages can then shape the next generation's perceptions and attitudes about people, which can have important implications for belief…
Descriptors: Childrens Literature, Books, Race, Gender Bias
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Adukia, Anjali; Chiril, Patricia; Christ, Callista; Das, Anjali; Eble, Alex; Harrison, Emileigh; Runesha, Hakizumwami Birali – Grantee Submission, 2022
The manner in which gender is portrayed in materials used to teach children conveys messages about people's roles in society. In this paper, we measure the gendered depiction of central domains of social life in 100 years of highly influential children's books. We make two main contributions: (1) we find that the portrayal of gender in these books…
Descriptors: Childrens Literature, Books, Gender Bias, Sex Stereotypes
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Maria Kolovou; Hua Ran; Walter Secada – Grantee Submission, 2023
This article reports on an exploratory study of the shifts of teachers' interactions with boys from their first to their second year of using cognitively guided instruction (CGI) in their math instruction. Interaction analysis was used to analyze 22 videos, two per each of 11 teachers, who applied CGI instruction in their classrooms (a) after…
Descriptors: Teachers, Cognitive Processes, Educational Practices, Mathematics Instruction
Summer S. Braun; Caryn R. R. Rodgers; Arielle Linsky; Charity Brown Griffin; Catherine P. Bradshaw – Grantee Submission, 2023
The present study examined the association between students' perceptions of an equitable school climate and several psychosocial outcomes and tested whether these associations were moderated by students' race and gender. Data from 57,027 6th-12th grade students were analyzed using three-level models. Students who perceived their school to have a…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, Equal Education, Secondary School Students, Psychological Patterns
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Szasz, Teodora; Harrison, Emileigh; Liu, Ping-Jung; Lin, Ping-Chang; Runesha, Hakizumwami Birali; Adukia, Anjali – Grantee Submission, 2022
Images in children's books convey messages about society and the roles that people play in it. Understanding these messages requires systematic measurement of who is represented. Computer vision face detection tools can provide such measurements; however, state-of-the-art face detection models were trained with photographs, and 80\% of images in…
Descriptors: Childrens Literature, Books, Artificial Intelligence, Race
Xiao, Sonya Xinyue; Martin, Carol Lynn; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Eisenberg, Nancy; DeLay, Dawn; Hanish, Laura D.; Fabes, Richard A.; Oswalt, Krista – Grantee Submission, 2022
Promoting prosocial behavior toward those who are dissimilar from oneself is an urgent contemporary issue. Because children spend much time in same-gender relationships, promoting other-gender prosociality could help them develop more inclusive relationships. Our goal in the present research was to better understand the extent to which…
Descriptors: Prosocial Behavior, Intergroup Relations, Gender Differences, Elementary School Students
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Joseph R. Cimpian; Jo R. King – Grantee Submission, 2024
Men significantly outnumber women in physics, engineering, and computer science (PECS) majors, with a recent male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1, a stark contrast to the near parity in other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines (1). This gender disparity in PECS carries wide-reaching implications for equity,…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Physics, Engineering Education, Computer Science Education
Li, Chenglu; Xing, Wanli; Leite, Walter L. – Grantee Submission, 2021
There has been a long-standing issue of sparse discussion forums participation in online learning, which can impede students' help seeking practices. Researchers have examined AI techniques such as link prediction with network analysis to connect help seekers with help providers. However, little is known whether these AI systems will treat…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education, Online Courses
Rui Fu; Ann L. Perepezko; Catherine P. Bradshaw; Tracy Evian Waasdorp – Grantee Submission, 2023
Race-based bullying (RBB) victimization is a significant concern among youth and can translate into a range of adjustment problems. As such, additional research is needed on possible protective factors that may buffer these effects among RBB victims. One potential factor is school equity, as it may buffer race-based bullying victims from…
Descriptors: Bullying, Racial Differences, Ethnicity, Victims
Master, Allison; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Cheryan, Sapna – Grantee Submission, 2021
Societal stereotypes depict girls as less interested than boys in computer science and engineering. We demonstrate the existence of these stereotypes among children and adolescents from first to 12th grade and their potential negative consequences for girls' subsequent participation in these fields. Studies 1 and 2 (n = 2,277; one preregistered)…
Descriptors: Sex Stereotypes, Student Interests, Gender Discrimination, Computer Science
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