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Direct linkJamie J. Jirout; Erik Ruzek; Virginia E. Vitiello; Jessica Whittaker; Robert C. Pianta – Grantee Submission, 2023
Learning environments can support the development of foundational knowledge and promote children's attitudes toward learning and school. This study explores the relation between school enjoyment and general knowledge from preschool (2016-2017) to kindergarten (2017-2018) in 1359 children (M[subscript age] = 55, 61 months, female = 50%; 58.5%…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, Knowledge Level, Age Differences, Preschool Children
Jaeah Kim; Shashank Singh; Catarina Vales; Emily Keebler; Anna V. Fisher; Erik D. Thiessen – Grantee Submission, 2023
In this paper, we decompose selective sustained attending behavior into components of continuous attention maintenance and attentional transitions and study how each of these components develops in young children. Our results in two experiments suggest that changes in children's ability to return attention to a target locus after distraction…
Descriptors: Young Children, Attention, Child Behavior, Cognitive Processes
Ashley Sanabria; Jin Kyoung Hwang; Elham Zargar; Deborah Lowe Vandell; Carol M. Connor – Grantee Submission, 2024
Purpose: Having a clear understanding of the types and amounts of classroom literacy learning opportunities is important for contextualizing children's early literacy performance. In this study, we examine the content, context, and management of literacy learning opportunities in a large, geographically diverse sample in the United States. We also…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Primary Education, Emergent Literacy, Oral Language
Bridgid Finn; David B. Miele; Allan Wigfield – Grantee Submission, 2024
The "remembered success effect" (Finn, 2010) refers to the finding that challenging academic tasks that start or end with extra opportunities for success are preferred to challenging tasks that do not include these opportunities. Work on remembered success has primarily been done with adults. We assessed (in a preregistered study)…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Grade 3, Grade 6
Burhan Ogut; Darrick Yee; Ruhan Circi; Nevin Dizdari – Grantee Submission, 2023
Research shows that the intensity of high school course-taking is related to postsecondary outcomes. However, there are various approaches to measuring the intensity of students' course-taking. This study presents new measures of coursework intensity that rely on differing levels of quantity and quality of coursework. We used these new indices to…
Descriptors: Course Selection (Students), High School Students, Difficulty Level, Age Differences
Anjali Adukia; Alex Eble; Emileigh Harrison; Hakizumwami Birali Runesha; Teodora Szasz – Grantee Submission, 2023
Books shape how children learn about society and norms, in part through representation of different characters. We use computational tools to characterize representation in children's books widely read in homes, classrooms, and libraries over the last century, and describe economic forces that may contribute to these patterns. We introduce new…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Racism, Gender Bias, Childrens Literature
Deeth Ellis; Keith Curry Lance – Grantee Submission, 2024
It has only recently become possible to assess librarian staffing at school level, due to the long interval between the two most recent datasets from NCES's periodic sample survey of schools. In 2023, the National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS) released long-awaited 2020-21 school-level data--the first from that survey since 2015-16. These…
Descriptors: School Libraries, Librarians, Public Schools, Employment Patterns
Kim, Dan; Opfer, John E. – Grantee Submission, 2021
Perceptual judgments result from a dynamic process, but little is known about the dynamics of number-line estimation. A recent study proposed a computational model that combined a model of trial-to-trial changes with a model for the internal scaling of discrete numbers. Here, we tested a surprising prediction of the model--a situation in which…
Descriptors: Numbers, Computation, Children, Adults
David Menendez; Karl S. Rosengren; Martha W. Alibali – Grantee Submission, 2022
Visualizations are commonly used in educational materials, however not all visualizations are equally effective at promoting learning. Prior research has supported the idea that both perceptually rich and bland visualizations are beneficial for learning and generalization. We investigated whether the perceptual richness of a life cycle diagram…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Visualization, Visual Aids, Scientific Concepts
Sierra Eisen; Jessica Taggart; Angeline S. Lillard – Grantee Submission, 2022
Children's storybooks often contain fantasy elements, from dragons and wizards to anthropomorphic animals that wear clothes, talk, and behave like humans. These elements can impact children's learning from storybooks both positively and negatively, perhaps due in part to their ability to capture children's interest and attention. Prior research…
Descriptors: Childrens Literature, Young Children, Preferences, Animals
Sean C. Austin; Kent McIntosh; Erik J. Girvan – Grantee Submission, 2024
In this study, we identified the specific discipline decision situations (i.e., vulnerable decision points [VDPs]) that contribute most to racial discipline disparities from a sample of 2020 schools across the United States. We also examined how much VDPs contributed to overall discipline disparities and the extent which there was similarity among…
Descriptors: Discipline, Race, Disproportionate Representation, Student Behavior
Jennifer Hill; George Perrett; Stacey A. Hancock; Le Win; Yoav Bergner – Grantee Submission, 2024
Most current statistics courses include some instruction relevant to causal inference. Whether this instruction is incorporated as material on randomized experiments or as an interpretation of associations measured by correlation or regression coefficients, the way in which this material is presented may have important implications for…
Descriptors: Statistics Education, Teaching Methods, Attribution Theory, Undergraduate Students
Anna Shapiro – Grantee Submission, 2022
There is growing evidence that school starting age impacts children's likelihood of receiving special education services, but less is known about variations in this effect. Using a regression discontinuity design, I found that the youngest students in a kindergarten cohort are 40% more likely (p < 0.001) to be placed in special education than…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, School Entrance Age, Special Education, Age Differences
Charles J. Fitzsimmons; Pooja G. Sidney; Marta Mielicki; Lauren K. Schiller; Daniel A. Scheibe; Jennifer M. Taber; Percival G. Matthews; Erika A. Waters; Karin G. Coifman; Clarissa A. Thompson – Grantee Submission, 2023
Comparing health risks that include ratios of integers (e.g., 12 in 1,000) is challenging. We tested whether a worked-example intervention with number-line visual displays improved adults' risk-comparison accuracy, whether pretest confidence moderated learning, and which individual differences related to accuracy. Replicating prior work, U.S.…
Descriptors: Adult Literacy, Numeracy, Mathematics Skills, Health
Marjolein E. A. Barendse; Jessica Flannery; Caitlin Cavanagh; Melissa Aristizabal; Stephen P. Becker; Estelle Berger; Rosanna Breaux; Nicole Campione-Barr; Jessica A. Church; Eveline A. Crone; Ronald E. Dahl; Tracy A. Dennis-Tiwary; Melissa R. Dvorsky; Sarah L. Dziura; Suzanne van de Groep; Tiffany C. Ho; Sarah E. Killoren; Joshua M. Langberg; Tyler L. Larguinho; Lucía Magis-Weinberg; Kalina J. Michalska; Jordan L. Mullins; Hanna Nadel; Blaire M. Porter; Mitchell J. Prinstein; Elizabeth Redcay; Amanda J. Rose; Wendy M. Rote; Amy K. Roy; Sophie W. Sweijen; Eva H. Telzer; Giana I. Teresi; April Gile Thomas; Jennifer H. Pfeifer – Grantee Submission, 2023
This study aimed to examine changes in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of 1,339 adolescents (9-18 years old, 59% female) from three countries. We also examined if age, race/ethnicity, disease burden, or strictness of government restrictions moderated change in…
Descriptors: Change, Depression (Psychology), Anxiety, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
