Recent advances in automated writing evaluation have enabled educators to use automated writing quality scores to improve assessment feasibility. However, there has been limited investigation of bias for automated writing quality scores with students from diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds. The use of biased scores could contribute to…

Motivation for reading is important to comprehension and has been studied extensively in offline reading contexts. However, we know little about the role of motivation in online reading, a new and increasingly important context for reading. This is largely because we lack valid and reliable instruments to estimate a student's motivation for online…