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How Does the "Learning Gap" Open? A Cognitive Theory of Nation Effects on Mathematics Proficiency
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Opfer, John E.; Kim, Dan; Qin, Jike – Grantee Submission, 2018
In this chapter, we review two approaches for understanding these national differences in math abilities. The first approach attempts to link cross-national differences in educational input to cross-national differences in test scores. A tacit assumption of this approach is that children's performance on tests of mathematics is a direct effect of…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Skills, Cultural Differences