Leadership talent development has been identified as a priority in national and state standards for gifted education. However, leadership programs in schools are not always supported by mandates or funding in individual states and implementation is not always feasible within the constraints of local gifted service models. Although some research has been devoted to leadership for gifted and high-ability adolescents and emerging adults, a limited number of studies on the identification, measurement, and development of leadership talent have been conducted. This systematic review of literature examined existing research on leadership talent development for adolescents and emerging adults. A database search identified 38 quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that were screened, summarized, and synthesized for discussion. The review highlighted research contexts, definitions of leadership, and themes that captured the recommendations researchers made across studies. Implications for developing leadership talent and suggestions for future research are discussed.