Nineteen older women gave their perceptions of great-grandmotherhood. They modeled their behavior on their earlier role of grandmother, but age and lack of geographic proximity restricted their ability to carry it out in the same way. Great-grandmotherhood was significant for symbolic and emotional rather than social and instrumental reasons.…

Conducted a three-generation study of women's attitudes toward gender-appropriate roles and filial responsibility. United States gender-role attitudes were more egalitarian than those of the Japanese. In both countries, all three generations agreed that care of the elderly is a family responsibility, but attitudes toward filial responsibility were…

Relatively few widows enter the labor force, but this is due to the high percentage who are already working. Results suggest a probable overestimation of the usefulness of jobs as role replacements or income producers for widows. (Author)