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Moeller, Aleidine J.; Theiler, Janine – Foreign Language Annals, 2014
Communicative approaches to teaching language have emphasized the centrality of oral proficiency in the language acquisition process, but research investigating oral proficiency has been surprisingly limited, yielding an incomplete understanding of spoken language development. This study investigated the development of spoken language at the high…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Spanish, Second Language Learning, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
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Kubota, Ryuko; Catlett, Shawna – Foreign Language Annals, 2008
Teaching Spanish has become increasingly popular in the United States due to demographic shifts. This study focuses on a Spanish-only initiative for an existing Foreign Language in the Elementary School (FLES) program proposed by a southeastern public school district's school board. It analyzes discourses underlying the policymakers' rationales…
Descriptors: African American Students, FLES, Language Planning, Second Language Learning