This article is the third of a 4-part series on "Health Promotion and Wellness" from the American Association on Health and Disability (AAHD). It focuses on health disparities and people with disabilities. Health disparities are differences in health outcomes between groups that reflect social inequalities. Disability rates vary by ethnicity, age, sex and income, ranging from 10.4% among Asians to 22.6% among non-Hispanic black to 31.3% among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Health disparities are greater for people who both have disabilities and are people of color. U.S. National Health Interview Survey data show that people with both mobility limitations and minority status experience greater health disparities than adults with minority status or mobility limitations alone in most outcomes measured. Among the measures with the greatest disparities were worsening health, depressive symptoms, diabetes, stroke, visual impairment, difficulty with activities of daily living, obesity, physical activity and low workforce participation. There are significant data gaps in the critical disparity domains defined in the Healthy People series of national planning objectives: (1) disability status; and (2) sexual orientation and identity. Only eight of the 22 disparity topics analyzed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) include disability, and few effective interventions to overcome disparity based on disability exist. [For part 2, see EJ948318.]