In high-income countries in recent years, the non-academic labour market destination of PhD-holders, i.e., the segmentation by industry sector of destination, has emerged as an issue. Universities and other research-intensive institutions can no longer absorb the major share of PhD-holders. Their employment has become a matter of segmentation both…

Shortages of qualified teachers in primary and secondary education are very common in almost all European countries and in the US. Since high quality teachers are usually the most likely to leave, much attention has been focused on teacher turnover; retaining the best teachers can help to ameliorate teacher shortages. Using data from the Survey of…

The number of people aged 60 and over across the globe is expected to double by 2050, reaching a share of more than 20 percent of the population total. Governments are therefore taking more and more policy actions to encourage ageing workers to extend their working lives and their employers to retain them. According to the OECD lifelong learning…

Issues in the reconceptualization of the relationship between higher education and employment, especially in the European countries, are examined. It is proposed that higher education can influence employment patterns and trends in ways that are currently underestimated, and that a new approach to the study of this relationship should focus on the…

The increase in part-time, working college students in Italy corresponds to a trend toward a less stable, fragmented student life style in which none of the student's activities is primary and study is only one of many part-time roles. (MSE)

Results from a comparative investigation of French and German industry are presented, and the close relationship between the national employment structures and respective educational and training systems is demonstrated. Conclusions are drawn about current debate in Germany about vocational training policies. (Author/MSE)

Outlines the situation of women in educational administration in the Netherlands and describes a model for the process of attaining management positions. This management route model differentiates between the factors influencing the career path to a management position and distinguishes three phases: anticipation/preparation; acquisition; and…

Difficulties encountered by individuals employed in international trade in foreign countries are examined, particularly as they concern the authority structure of the host country. It is recommended that multinational companies teach their employees to view behavior by colleagues, superiors, and subordinates in their cultural contexts,…

The real issue in the vocalization or professionalization of higher education is not the enrollment distribution but the nature of the curricula offered, which should neither be determined solely by market forces nor leave the student without marketable skills. (MSE)

The consequences of three events on the demand for postcompulsory education in the urban area of Milan are examined: the population growth, the transformation of the city's economy and the consequential trend of the labor market, and the lack of upper-secondary school reform. (MLW)

A comparison of first-semester college students in Austria, West Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, and Yugoslavia looks at their fields, motivations for learning, perceptions and expectations of the university environment and its demands and rewards, and the relationships between employment prospects, subject orientation, and learning motivation.…

The inadequacy of current information exchange between higher education and the labor market in the Czech Republic is discussed, focusing on how the structure of higher education affects this situation. Proposed higher education legislation that reflects new expectations about the match between higher education and labor requirements is also…

Discussion of the relationship between higher education and employment in Europe looks at literature previously published in this journal concerning response to changing demands in nonuniversity education since the 1960s, diversification of higher education systems, blurring of sector boundaries in response to employment problems, worker…

The primary changes in the teaching profession occurred in the mid-1970s as a result of pressures for student participation in decision making and closer government supervision of procedure and expenditure. Included were changes in the conditions of service and in the relationships between teaching and research and between faculty and…

An analysis of unemployment rates, wages, and policy initiatives for school "early leavers" in Ireland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom suggests that early withdrawal from school represents a substantial, transnational problem attributable to basic policy problems. It is noted that no policy initiatives directly address…