This study leverages the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework to investigate the effects of teacher and technical support (TCHS) on learners' willingness to communicate (WTC) in artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts, considering the mediating effects of learners' artificial intelligence literacy…

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology continues to advance, its influences across various industries have grown, leading to increasing levels of anxiety, including that in education. Nonetheless, in terms of current knowledge, the literature lacks a valid scale to measure AI anxiety among EFL teachers, particularly university EFL teachers.…

Major differences between European and Latin American universities are examined, and resulting differences in motivations and restrictions regarding cooperative programs are discussed. It is concluded that, although Latin American institutions stand to gain from educational and technical assistance of European institutions, they be prepared to be…

Early steps in the higher education reform process in the Slovak Republic since 1989 are outlined, difficulties are noted, and suggestions for possible forms of encouragement are listed. Suggestions focus on international cooperation, particularly within the European Community, interinstitutional collaboration, and internal reforms in governance,…

An ideal-typical model of multiculturalism combined with a theory of core values is applied to the development of values in Mauritius as a result of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century French settlers and British colonial administrators. Another model is proposed to help explain or predict the likelihood of conflict or harmony between cultural…

International education in the United States is a cluster of concepts in a variety of institutional patterns: technical assistance, comparative education, cultural exchange, languages, area studies, and education for global understanding. The idealistic side will have little legislative support in the 1980s, but the pragmatic side promises to…

Analysis of recent vocational education reforms in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech and Slovak republics looks at the nature of modernization efforts and structural changes, and the role of foreign assistance and international cooperation. Current initiatives are seen as an attempt to catch up with the Western world of the 1970s. (MSE)

A study of need and strategies for higher education reform in East Central Europe is summarized. The study was based on separate studies in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, each from the perspective of those involved in the systems. Research/development policy, government role, funding, faculty, and international collaboration…

The structure and potential impact of TEMPUS, an European Community program of technical assistance, on higher education reform in East Central Europe is discussed. Issues examined include change at the department, institutional, and system levels and in the areas of facility/equipment improvement, curriculum development, and administrative…