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Xinyu Liu; Yijia Liu – European Journal of Education, 2025
As artificial intelligence (AI) technology continues to advance, its influences across various industries have grown, leading to increasing levels of anxiety, including that in education. Nonetheless, in terms of current knowledge, the literature lacks a valid scale to measure AI anxiety among EFL teachers, particularly university EFL teachers.…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Anxiety, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)