This article explores the connection between dropping out of school and being incarcerated, particularly for youth, including students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, students from poverty, and students with disabilities, who have been shown to be at higher risk for both. This article seeks to shift focus away from a…

Data from two previous studies are reanalyzed using the lens of institutional racism to examine district decisions that undermined, or sabotaged, improvement efforts at schools attended by students of color. Opportunities to rectify the sabotage were available but not pursued. A model portrays the interaction between decision-maker intent,…

Explores ways of embracing a multicultural spirit to assist college administrators in their efforts to enhance Black and Hispanic student retention. Multiculturalism must be seen as central to the purpose of education and not as a diversion from mainstream processes. Commitment must be demonstrated through a clear conceptual framework. (SLD)