One essential fact emerges from these results: contrary to beliefs of proponents of the middle school, pupils in middle schools consistently indicated significantly lower self-perceptions than pupils in traditional settings. (Authors)

The purpose of the study reported here was to determine whether pupils in an open classroom differ from traditionally taught pupils on four variables: creative thinking, creative writing, independent decision-making in performing tasks, and self-confidence when facing a new situation. (Author)

The purpose of this study was to explore differences in personality traits between children in open and in traditional classrooms, considering any differences in relation to sex. Results indicated that, generally, children of both sexes seem more capable of coping with their environment in the open classroom program, with differences being more…