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Williamson, Gary L.; Fitzgerald, Jill; Stenner, Jackson A. – Elementary School Journal, 2014
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) establish a challenging text-complexity standard for all high school graduates to read at college and workplace text-complexity levels. We argue that implementation of the CCSS standard requires concurrent examination of historical student reading-growth trends. An example of a historical student average…
Descriptors: State Standards, Reading Improvement, Reading Ability, Difficulty Level
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Leong, Che Kan – Elementary School Journal, 2009
A sample of 141 Canadian children in grades 3 through 6 wrote to dictation 24 short sentences sampling 90 lexical items representing 10 inflectional morphological categories to study their relation to the written spelling of 40 sight words. The children were encouraged in 3, 30-minute teaching sessions to use multiple strategies of retrieval,…
Descriptors: Sentences, Spelling, Phonemes, Morphology (Languages)