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Direct linkCho, Sun-Joo; Preacher, Kristopher J. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2016
Multilevel modeling (MLM) is frequently used to detect cluster-level group differences in cluster randomized trial and observational studies. Group differences on the outcomes (posttest scores) are detected by controlling for the covariate (pretest scores) as a proxy variable for unobserved factors that predict future attributes. The pretest and…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Error Correction, Multivariate Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
