After the late-nineteenth century, significant changes in the ideological foundations of American institutions of higher learning took place. The social contexts which produced the changes are examined, and the impact of these changes on the curricula and missions of colleges and universities is described. (IAH)

This article describes conditions in schooling, particularly the brutality, for boys and girls during the European Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The English philosopher, John Locke, proposed an alternative style and content with regard to the education of the young. Locke's views and their influence are discussed. (IAH)

Developments in the fields of medicine and education, in conjunction with social conditions and intellectual climate, influenced the promotion of school based sex education in the late nineteenth century and on into the twentieth century. The complexity of the relationship between education and society is illustrated through an examination of how…

Homer's epic poetry illustrates correspondence between society's needs and the values stressed in education, while Socrates' thought uncovers contradictions between social and educational values and seeks a new form of correspondence. Examples from the Epics and Plato's early dialogues trace changing educational attitudes among the Classical…

Law is not the command of a sovereign or the manifestation of supreme will; law is our creation. It is a means to the fullest development of individual capabilities. Dewey defines law as a process that is compatible with the philosophical outlook of a democratic society. (JN)

In response to the thesis of Kenneth A. Strike, discusses the concept of local rationality, the nature of historic rationality, and educational issues that arise for public education in a liberal democracy. (SM)

In the 1920s and 1930s, educational administrators and physical educators saw athletics as a means of developing those character traits associated with efficient citizenship in a modern industrial society. High school varsity athletic competition has changed little since the early part of this century. (CJ)

Criticizes new mathematics teaching standards advocated by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Changes in emphasis are requested in mathematics teacher education; prospective teachers must examine the antecedents of formalism, its compatibility with proposed learning theories, its manner of occurring in instructional practice; and the…

Examines writing on educational theory in the 1950s, a time of presumed consensus, where essentialisms were taken for granted and homeostasis and homogeneity were held up as social aims, noting that the surface civility of the field hid underlying exclusions and tensions and that questions were not being asked about the lack of attention to…

This essay considers Jean Jacques Rousseau's conception of history in "Emile" and its relationship to Rousseau's educational curriculum. History is, for Rousseau, at the heart of the curriculum and is one of the chief instruments for imparting knowledge of the world and encouraging moral behavior. (PP)

John Stuart Mill viewed children in a more favorable light than is generally believed. Mill wished to protect children from society's bad influences long enough for their individual personalities and talents to develop. Complexities that arise in applying a liberal theory to the education of the immature are discussed. (PP)

George Herbert Mead's general philsophy showed that he regarded the development of distinctively human behavior as essentially the result of an individual's meaningful participation in the social process of the community to which he belongs. Mead believed that education was a social process involving the meaningful interaction and communication…

A truly balanced institution of liberal learning requires that socially useful information be broadly defined in order to safeguard academic freedom and foster the goals of a social democracy. (CJ)

The nineteenth-century debate over use of the manual versus the oral approach to deaf education is discussed and related to the prevailing social and educational thought. Both approaches are seen as oppressive and antideaf. Current efforts to reconceptualize deafness have produced calls for bilingual-bicultural programs. (IAH)

Wayland wrote what is arguably the most influential nineteenth-century moral philosophy text. This article examines the Calvinist tradition, from which Wayland diverged; explores his views as they relate to the home and school; and describes his impact on the formation of the middle class of his day. (IAH)