A prescription favored in this article calls for the joint use of "learning maps" and "instructional maps." Why then the "Vs." in the title? Simply put, it is a rhetorical device. It calls attention to a key difference between the two. This article explicates the difference. It also informs how alone and in…

Psychological testing can serve as a prototype on which to base a data-generated approach to instructional design. In "testing batteries" tests are used to predict achievement. In the proposed approach batteries of prescriptions would be used to produce achievement. In creating "test batteries" tests are selected for their…

Instructional design can be more effective if it is as fixedly dedicated to the accommodation of individual differences as it currently is to the accommodation of subject matters. That is the hypothesis. A menu of accommodation options is provided that is applicable at each of three stages of instructional development or administration: before,…

The purpose of this article is to examine the way in which variables are assigned to determine the variance between or relationships within products and to suggest a method by which an evaluating agency can expand the information yielded from educational product analyses." (Author/AK)

A description of how one type of individualized learning package is prepared. (AK)

Effective display of organized content is demonstrated through the Organized Content Technique (OCT), which synthesizes, collates, and organizes information into a sound conceptual configuration, including layout, display, typography, descriptors, and style. The result is a content page that has entity and unity and is pleasing and effective with…

Article offers a critical look at the current research base supporting the use of research models. (Author)

Introduces the concept of human simulators, identifies their educational advantages, and describes how the teacher can design and implement this simulation strategy. A model for the development of a human simulator is also presented. (RAO)

Suggests a common format for analyzing and evaluating learning systems which takes into account costs, skill requirements and sequence, instructional techniques and requirements, motivational factors, and evaluation. (RAO)

Reviews a number of models, paradigms, designs, techniques, and procedures for the evaluation of instructional materials. (RAO)

Describes the inadequacies of the current software for computer-based instruction, and presents a framework of instructional components to guide the design of such software. A taxonomy of design considerations is then discussed, including instructional context, strategies, and technical capabilities that can be used to enhance instruction. (4…

Presents an instructional development model that incorporates formative evaluation techniques, and explores the possible application of the model in developing computer-assisted instruction courseware. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are identified and implications for research on formative evaluation are discussed. (31 references)…