Balanced educational development, derived from planning, permits the attainment of educational growth with the minimum social and financial costs or attainment of the maximum rate of growth with fixed social and financial expenditures. (Author/WM)

An integrated system of higher education geared to the national development plan can bring about fundamental shifts in national consciousness that will result in a more harmonious relationship between the principal resource of all development activities--people--and the goals toward which the national plans are aimed. (Author/IRT)

Conflict within a university can produce beneficial results if it is managed properly. In a time of change, conflict may stimulate creativity as the members of a unit struggle to adjust to the new situation and survive. (Author/IRT)

Investigates factors contributing to instructional planning decisions of 274 randomly selected Alabama secondary school teachers. Draws conclusions from Teacher Planning Questionnaire responses and testing of null hypotheses. Experienced teachers were influenced more than inexperienced teachers by facilitating student learning factor. Teacher…

Planning traditionally employs a rational decision model that leaves the planner poorly equipped to deal with constraints of organizational process and governmental politics. To be more effective, the planner must now begin in depth to analyze the procedures related to organizational processes and political bargaining. (Author)

The Campus Level Planning Model provides seven basic steps for a planning, programming, budgeting, and evaluation system at the school level. (Author/IRT)

Discusses forces behind restructuring schooling and the implications for planning. Four distinct yet interactive forces have emerged: (1) shifts in compelling state interests in education; (2) realignments of conventional principles of government; (3) a "systems break" in political ideology; and (4) an emerging new organizational…

The Resources Cost Model (RCM) determines an appropriate cost of education for each Illinois school district. Appropriate cost is a function of the quantity of resources (teachers, supplies, and buildings) needed and the price of resources faced by each district. A modified RCM framework could remove the model's surburban bias and improve judgment…

The author shares some of the failures and successes of the application of the futures perspective in college teaching, government planning and evaluation, and educational administration at the college level. (Author/IRT)

Offers a brief description of the overall activities and methods employed in Project SWEP and provides some detail on the ways in which a futures-orientation and methods associated with futures studies were used in the project. (Author/IRT)

Changes in planning theory and practice in Norway have been characterized by widening the scope of "educational matters," broadening the conceptual framework to include elements of all the social sciences, and changing the conception of planning as an administrative function. (Author/IRT)