A true intergovernmental collaboration in the definition of objectives for Canada requires a cooperative federalism, multilateral rather than unilateral planning, and a negotiated agreement on how the constitutional powers and the resources of the partners in the confederation can be exploited to achieve these objectives. (Author/WM)

Cross-national data from the Latin American nations are brought to bear on questions concerning in what kinds of political and economic environments are highly elaborated national planning systems likely to be found and what the observable effects might be, over time, of a highly elaborated national planning system. (Author)

Uses an expanded definition of assessment, drawing attention to those elements of a planning system that are closely interactive with assessment and which could either immediately precede or follow the data collection function. (Author/JF)

Planning traditionally employs a rational decision model that leaves the planner poorly equipped to deal with constraints of organizational process and governmental politics. To be more effective, the planner must now begin in depth to analyze the procedures related to organizational processes and political bargaining. (Author)

Outlines some of the factors related to the politics of planning at the Federal level in the United States and concludes that this is a wasteful and unproductive way in which to conduct a public service such as education. (Author/WM)

Is is the function of the planner to prepare reports, position papers, and plans, not to juggle the politics of implementation. (Author/WM)

A fundamental point of friction between the planner and the politician is the politician's need to seek immediate results and the planner's willingness to sacrifice the immediate if he can thereby enhance the long-term gain. (Author/WM)

Policy goals are decided by governments, which are responsible to the public, not by planners or administrators. Once general goals are agreed on, however, it will take technical planning skill, administrative skill, and political judgment to reach them successfully. (Author/WM)

Outlines a planning philosophy and a preliminary model that links the State's role in trying to effect change with that of the Federal government and of other constituencies. Describes how New York State has implemented the model in two specific projects. (Author/WM)

In developing countries ideology plays an important role in the political process, for the level of disorganization forces political leaders to look for support and loyalty rather than efficiency. (Author)

Reviews the Democratic Republic of Zaire in geographic, economic, demographic, historical, and educational terms and concludes that to date the reorganization required by new policy goals has been implemented by "fiat." The government of Zaire needs to fashion an authentic process of educational planning. (Author/WM)

Discusses three essential differences between playing the planning game at the national and at the local level. These involve financial constraints, a concern for manpower development, and the distance between the planner and the public. (Author/WM)