Lists some reasons why supervisors are often among the first personnel to be cut in a budget crunch, then lists six abilities essential for the survival of supervisors in education's changing climate. (JM)

The Collaborative Instructional Improvement process is a communication facilitating process that enables a supervisor and a colleague to identify problems, delineate action strategies and responsibilities, specify time constraints, and establish an evaluation design. (Author)

Instead of focusing on narrowly defined, technical teaching models, reflective teaching embodies a broad, indepth understanding of what is happening in the classroom. This article describes a staff development model providing teachers with a research overview, training in data collection techniques, and lessons in nonjudgmental self-observation…

Despite the growing popularity of Madeline Hunter's Program for Effective Teaching staff development model, there is little evidence that student achievement increases after such a program has been implemented. A recent study of South Carolina achievement test data corroborates this assertion. Coaching length and quality may be key factors in…

Discusses the biases that can be built into preobservation conferences in teacher evaluations. Argues for the elimination of such conferences. Points out that skillful observation combined with analytical feedback in teacher evaluation increases teacher effectiveness. (MD)

This study revealed that supervisors' actual duties are not those described in the literature. In fact, supervisors maintain day-to-day operation of the school system, serve as a center of communication (mostly direct verbal contact), and participate in other highly fragmented activities. (Author/JM)

Businesses are finding that positive reinforcement is a useful tool in management and supervision. However, there are few reports of the systematic use of positive reinforcement by educational administrators and supervisors. (Author/MLF)

In clinical supervision, the teacher is helped to identify and concentrate on a limited number of specific skills, the supervisor focuses on a manageable task for data collection, and together they evaluate results. (Author)

Supervisors can help teachers resolve problems involving affiliation, control, parents, student success, and time. (Author)

Argues that instructional supervisors must play an active role in translating community-generated goals and processes into effective educational programs. (JG)

Elementary school teachers and their supervisors were surveyed to determine their perceptions of supervisory tasks. (GW)

Details of a study done by 11 western New York state school districts to determine the behavior supervisors found most effective in teachers during a one-to-one conference. (DS)