No one teaching strategy consistently engages all learners. Motivation is inseparable from culture. What elicits frustration, joy, or determination may differ across cultures, because cultures vary in defining novelty, hazard, opportunity, and gratification. A culturally responsive teaching model requires four motivational conditions: establishing…

Peak Learning System's relationship-centered teaching framework focuses on fulfilling students' fundamental emotional needs to ensure learning willingness. Students are motivated when they believe that teachers treat them like people and care about them personally and educationally. The learning ambience must be safe, of value, successful,…

When students help teach one another, active learning, listening, and a spirit of cooperation flourish. A reciprocal tutoring program in three New York City high schools allows all students to be tutors and learn through teaching and has all tutors experience the tutee/apprentice role. This experimental program had better achievement results than…