Investigated egocentricity and ascriptions of knowledge to others in 45 children of 3-6 years. Six-year-olds were better than younger children at assessing the other's knowledge. Subjects were better at assessing the other's knowledge when their own access and knowledge were identical. (RJC)

Investigated relations among moral reasoning, classroom behavior, and sociometric status. Among boys, hedonistic moral reasoning was associated with lack of social competencies, acting-out behavior, and low social preference. Moral reasoning influenced sociometric status indirectly through social behavior, and explained variance in sociometric…

Students in first, third, and sixth grade and college heard scenarios in which a peer experienced an emotionally equivocal or unequivocal event. Neither prompting children to consider alternatives nor reminding them of peers' individual differences produced greater discrimination between equivocal and unequivocal situations. (BC)

Kindergartners and third and sixth graders chose classmates whom they would and would not like to have as teammates for an academic contest and as playmates; they also rated their classmates on likability and academic ability. At all ages, children's choices for academic competition and play were associated with their ratings of their classmates'…

Children's automatic and reflective responses to social problems were examined. With immediate response, aggressive and nonaggressive rejected boys generated fewer verbal assertion and more conflict-escalating responses than did nonrejected boys. Similar status-related differences were not found for girls. (BC)

Examined the moral and ecological reasoning of second, fifth, and eighth graders regarding the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Found that children understood negative effects of the spill, cared that harm occurred to shoreline and marine life, and thought it violated a moral obligation. Fifth and eighth graders used a greater proportion of anthropocentric…

Examined Korean first, third, and fifth graders' judgments about authority commands regarding moral events. Found that children judged that a principal, teacher, class president, and child without an authority position have legitimacy and should be obeyed when giving morally right directives. Children gave greater legitimacy to persons giving…

A total of 80 males and females (from 10 to 18 years old) were studied for explanations of task performance. No consistent age or sex differences were found. (SDH)

The proposition that the acquisition of semantic notions in language is predictable from cognitive development is supported by this investigation. Procedure involved the administration of sentence repetition and several Piagetian tasks to kindergarten, first and second grade children from black inner-city, white middle-class and white rural…

This study tested the hypothesis that children reared in a kibbutz setting would evidence better performance in communicative role-taking skills than children reared in a city setting. (Author/SB)

Presentation of a "natural experiment" problem situation to fourth, sixth, and eighth graders and college students revealed that not until adolescence could subjects isolate alternative or additive causes in a multivariable situation. (JMB)

Observes 75 first- and third-grade children in their classroom mathematics seatwork to test assumptions drawn from Vygotsky's theory about the development of private speech and its relationship to task performance, attention, and motor behaviors accompanying task orientation. (HOD)

Home-environmental processes, socioeconomic indicators, and family structure measures were canonically correlated with four mental abilities of 185, 11-year-old boys. Verbal and number abilities were the most predictable, with the process measures contributing the most to prediction. (DP)

In most cases, mothers of the undisturbed and fathers of the disturbed children were alike in that they had difficulty in displaying authority over the child. In contrast, fathers of the nondisturbed and mothers of the disturbed families were more authoritarian. (Author)

Findings indicate that white examiners do not depress IQ scores of black children. (MB)