Examined three dimensions of role taking (perceptual, cognitive and affective) and two dimensions of moral judgment (intentionality and restitution). (Author/SDH)

Tested 63 kindergarten children on a spatial perspective task in which they copied the location and orientation of objects when the model and response spaces were aligned or when one was rotated 90 degrees or 180 degrees. (LLK)

Examines social fantasy play in relation to several indices of social competence in a sample of 91 preschoolers (ages 35 to 69 months). Results indicate the amount and complexity of fantasy play significantly predicted four competency measures: teacher ratings of peer social skill, popularity, affective role taking, and a behavioral summary score…

Childrens' understanding of motives for behavior was investigated by showing interpersonal situations on silent films to 6- to 14-year-old children from middle- and working-class backgrounds. (CM)

Reexamined the theoretical question of early childhood egocentrism by replicating Piaget and Inhelder's mountain experiment with variations to insure the age appropriateness of the task for 3- and 4-year-old children. (SDH)

Partially replicates Elkind and Bowen's (1979) investigation of adolescent egocentrism. Studies the relations between imaginary audience and operational thought by testing children and adolescents on a Piagetian-based written test of operational thought and the Imaginary Audience Scale. (Author/AS)

The effects of two types of play experiences (constructive and dramatic) on 64 preschool children's perspective-taking performance were studied. (Author/MP)

Studies the relationship between egocentrism, empathy, and altruistic behavior in three- to nine-year-old children. (CM)

In four experiments, three, four, and five year olds were successful in solving perspective-taking problems when they were asked what object occupied a specified location with respect to a hypothetical observer. Results indicated developmental change in several important aspects of spatial performance. (BC)

A 13-month study of preschoolers' conversations with friends examined development of understanding of mind and emotion and mental-state talk. Findings indicated significant and related improvements in theory-of-mind task performance and affective perspective-taking. There were qualitative and quantitative changes in mental-state references in…

Presents a study of perspective taking ability among children aged 3 to 7. The first task involved a classic block appearance task. In the second task, the child and/or the experimenter each wore different colored glasses and the child was asked to describe how a white card appeared to each of them. (BD)

Results showed a significant relation between age and role taking, and between type of response required and role taking. However, emphasizing the difference in perspectives between self and other was not shown to facilitate role-taking performance. (JMB)

Explores the differences between boys and girls (5- and 7-year-olds) in their use of two kinds of strategies with interpersonal conflict: (1) active persuasion and negotiation, and (2) mitigation without disrupting social harmony between the interactors. (HOD)

This study investigated the extent of 45 delinquent boys' deficits in role taking skills, and the effects of an experimental remedial program that employed drama and videotape exercises in role taking training. (DP)