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Direct linkHill, Heather D.; Morris, Pamela – Developmental Psychology, 2008
The authors examined the effects of welfare programs that increased maternal employment and family income on the development of very young children using data from 5 random-assignment experiments. The children were 6 months to 3 years old when their mothers entered the programs; cognitive and behavioral outcomes were measured 2-5 years later.…
Descriptors: Age, Family Income, Social Behavior, Academic Achievement
Melby, Janet N.; Conger, Rand D.; Fang, Shu-Ann; Wickrama, K. A. S.; Conger, Katherine J. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
In this study, the authors investigated the degree to which a family investment model would help account for the association between family of origin socioeconomic characteristics and the later educational attainment of 451 young adults (age 26) from 2-parent families. Parents' educational level, occupational prestige, and family income in 1989…
Descriptors: Siblings, Family Income, Educational Attainment, Child Rearing
Blair, Clancy; Granger, Douglas A.; Kivlighan, Katie T.; Mills-Koonce, Roger; Willoughby, Michael; Greenberg, Mark T.; Hibel, Leah C.; Fortunato, Christine K. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
Relations of maternal and child characteristics to child cortisol reactivity to and recovery from emotional arousal were examined prospectively at approximately 7 months of age (infancy) and then again at approximately 15 months of age (toddlerhood). The sample was diverse and population based (N = 1,292 mother-infant dyads) and included families…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Mothers, Toddlers, Infants
Dearing, Eric; McCartney, Kathleen; Taylor, Beck A. – Developmental Psychology, 2006
Within-child associations between family income and child externalizing and internalizing problems were examined using longitudinal data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (2004a, 2004b; N = 1,132). Variations in income effects were estimated as a function of whether families were poor, whether mothers were partnered,…
Descriptors: Family Income, Mothers, Economically Disadvantaged, Child Care
Booth-LaForce, Cathryn; Oxford, Monica L. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
From 1,092 children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the authors identified 3 trajectory patterns of social withdrawal from teacher reports in Grades 1-6: a normative consistently low group (86%), a decreasing group (5%) with initially high withdrawal that decreased, and an increasing group (9%) with initially low…
Descriptors: Child Rearing, Prediction, Interpersonal Relationship, Elementary School Students
Votruba-Drzal, Elizabeth – Developmental Psychology, 2006
A large literature has documented the influence of family economic resources on child development, yet income's effects in middle childhood have been understudied. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 3,551), the author examined the influence of family income in early and middle childhood on academic skills and…
Descriptors: Family Income, Family Environment, Economic Status, Behavior Problems
Solantaus, Tytti; Leinonen, Jenni; Punam Ki, Raija-Leena – Developmental Psychology, 2004
This study evaluated the applicability of the family economic stress model (FESM) in understanding the influences of economic hardship on child mental health during a nationwide economic recession in Finland. The information was gathered from 527 triads of 12-year-olds and their mothers and fathers from a population sample. The structural equation…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Models, Children, Structural Equation Models
Mistry, Rashmita S.; Biesanz, Jeremy C.; Taylor, Lorraine C.; Burchinal, Margaret; Cox, Martha J. – Developmental Psychology, 2004
The current study examines relations of mean-level estimates, linear changes, and instability in income and family processes to child outcomes and addresses whether income, through its impact on family functioning, matters more for children living in poverty. Temporal changes and instability in family processes, but not income, predicted…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Poverty, Family Income, Cognitive Development
Peer reviewedLinver, Miriam R.; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne; Kohen, Dafna E. – Developmental Psychology, 2002
Examined longitudinally maternal emotional distress, parental behavior, and provision of cognitively stimulating activities as mediators of the association between family income and prematurely born young children's development. Found that provision of stimulating experiences in the home mediated the relation between family income and children's…
Descriptors: Child Development, Emotional Experience, Family Environment, Family Income
Lengua, Liliana J. – Developmental Psychology, 2006
The author examined relations among demographic risk (income, maternal education, single-parent status), growth in temperament (fear, irritability, effortful control), and parenting (rejection, inconsistent discipline) across 3 years and the prediction of children's adjustment problems in a community sample (N=190; ages 8-12 years at Time 1).…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Child Rearing, Predictor Variables, Adjustment (to Environment)
Ackerman, Brian P.; Brown, Eleanor D.; Izard, Carroll E. – Developmental Psychology, 2004
This longitudinal study examined the relations between multiple risk indexes representing contextual adversity, income-to-needs ratios, and the elementary school adjustment of children from economically disadvantaged families. The results provide evidence for volatility in family circumstances over 2-year intervals from preschool to 5th grade, for…
Descriptors: Economically Disadvantaged, Elementary School Students, Student Adjustment, Behavior Problems
Allhusen, Virginia; Belsky, Jay; Booth-LaForce, Cathryn L.; Bradley, Robert; Brownwell, Celia A; Burchinal, Margaret; Campbell, Susan B.; Clarke-Stewart, K. Alison; Cox, Martha; Friedman, Sarah L.; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathryn; Houts, Renate M.; Huston, Aletha; Jaeger, Elizabeth; Johnson, Deborah J.; Kelly, Jean F.; Knoke, Bonnie; Marshall, Nancy; McCartney, Kathleen; Morrison, Frederick J.; O'Brien, Marion; Tresch Owen, Margaret; Payne, Chris; Phillips, Deborah; Pianta, Robert; Randolph, Suzanne M.; Robeson, Wendy W.; Spieker, Susan; Lowe Vandell, Deborah; Weinraub, Marsha – Developmental Psychology, 2004
This study evaluated the extent to which first-grade class size predicted child outcomes and observed classroom processes for 651 children (in separate classrooms). Analyses examined observed child-adult ratios and teacher-reported class sizes. Smaller classrooms showed higher quality instructional and emotional support, although children were…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Group Activities, Literacy, Family Income
Peer reviewedConger, Rand D.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1993
Adolescent girls and their parents and a sibling completed questionnaires that measured several family variables and were observed interacting. Found that family economic pressures led to parents' depression, marital conflict, and disrupted parenting. Parents' depressed mood and disrupted child-rearing practices affected girls' adjustment. (BC)
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Adolescent Development, Adolescents, Child Rearing
Huston, Aletha C.; Duncan, Greg J.; McLoyd, Vonnie C.; Crosby, Danielle A.; Ripke, Marika N.; Weisner, Thomas S.; Eldred, Carolyn A. – Developmental Psychology, 2005
The impacts of New Hope, a program to increase parent employment and reduce poverty, were measured 5 years after parents were randomly assigned to program or control groups. New Hope had positive effects on children's school achievement, motivation, and social behavior, primarily for boys, across the age range 6-16. In comparison to impacts…
Descriptors: Children, Low Income Groups, Poverty, Public Policy
Peer reviewedKilgore, Kim; Snyder, James; Lentz, Chris – Developmental Psychology, 2000
Assessed the association of parental discipline and monitoring with early conduct problems of 123 children in a highly disadvantaged, African American sample. Analyses indicated that, after earlier conduct problems were controlled for, coercive parent discipline and poor parental monitoring at age 4.5 predicted age 6 conduct problems. Associations…
Descriptors: At Risk Persons, Behavior Problems, Black Youth, Children
