This experiment evaluated the contributions of frequency and contingency of reinforcement to the deprivation-satiation phenomenon. The findings indicated that the perceived contingency of reinforcement is a more powerful determinant of its subsequent reinforcement effectiveness than is its frequency. (JMB)

Delay in receiving a reward was studied in 6 to 9-year-old children. Results indicated that the older children, in contrast to the younger children, chose a delayed reward over immediate reward, whether or not they saw the reward before choosing. (ST)

Results of an experiment with 6-month-old infants showed that response-independent auditory-visual reinforcement can elicit learned responses and that action-consequence learning in infants may consist of a combination of elicitation and conditioning. (Author/JMB)

Briefly argues that Lytton's article in this issue is wrong in arguing that boys with conduct disorder cultivate their own deviance by driving social exchanges with their parents. Presents the view that parental insensitivity sets the stage for child maladjustment. In this view, children diminish parental nonsynchrony through antisocial behavior.…

The results of this study indicate that answering young children's questions increases the frequency with which they ask questions. The evidence also suggests that children use questions partially as a means of maintaining social contact and attention with a friendly adult after their information seeking efforts have been exhausted. (JMB)

These findings suggest that a high density of negative feedback induces both reflective and impulsive children to make fewer errors than does positive feedback. (Authors)

Findings of the present experiment reveal that discrimination processes play an influential role in nonreinforced imitation in severly retarded children. (WY)

Data provides evidence that the inconsistent reinforcement histories of lower socioeconomic children contribute to their typical ineffectual performance. (Author/WY)

This study assessed the adequacy of Gewirtz's interpretation of vicarious reinforcement and examined the development of responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement in an experiment in which 98 children (21/2-5 years) performed a discrimination problem while being exposed to a model who was either rewarded or punished on each trial. (SB)

Examines the modifiability of children's information processing strategies by modeling techniques in fourth grade internally and externally oriented children. (LLK)

Experiment demonstrates that the reinforcing efficacy of visual feedback is related to its degree of redundancy. (WY)