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It Takes Two: Process Praise Linking Trying and Success Is Associated with Greater Infant Persistence
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Radovanovic, Mia; Soldovieri, Antonia; Sommerville, Jessica A. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
Process praise (i.e., praise for effort) facilitates childhood persistence. However, less is known about the mechanism by which process praise influences persistence in infancy. Here, we propose that well-timed process praise reinforces the link between effort and success, thus promoting persistence in young children. In Experiment 1, U.S. infants…
Descriptors: Infants, Success, Positive Reinforcement, Persistence
Smiling to Social Stimuli: Eliciting and Conditioning Effects
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Zelazo, Philip R. – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Descriptors: Conditioning, Emotional Response, Infant Behavior, Infants
Satiation of Visual Reinforcement in Young Infants
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Caron, Rose F.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Experiment demonstrates that the reinforcing efficacy of visual feedback is related to its degree of redundancy. (WY)
Descriptors: Feedback, Infant Behavior, Redundancy, Reinforcement
Male and Female Auditory Reinforcement of Infant Vocalizations
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Banikiotes, Florence G.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1972
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Comparative Analysis, Females, Infant Behavior
Reinforcement of Sex-Typed Behaviors of Two-Year-Old Children in a Nursery School Setting
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Etaugh, Claire; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1975
Examined sex differences in the play preferences of 2-year-old nursery school children and determined whether teachers of this age group reinforce female sex-typed behaviors as do teachers of older preschoolers. (SDH)
Descriptors: Identification (Psychology), Infant Behavior, Observation, Play
Comparisons of Vocal Imitation, Tactile Stimulation, and Food as Reinforcers for Infant Vocalizations
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Haugan, Gertrude M.; McIntyre, Roger W. – Developmental Psychology, 1972
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning, Environmental Influences, Extinction (Psychology)
Contextual Determinants of Anger and Other Negative Expressions in Young Infants.
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Sullivan, Margaret W.; Lewis, Michael – Developmental Psychology, 2003
Two experiments examined how different frustration contexts affect the instrumental and emotional responses of 4- to 5-month-olds. Both experiments showed that arm responses increased when the contingent stimulus was lost or reduced but decreased when control of the stimulus was lost under noncontingency. Facial expressions of anger, but not…
Descriptors: Anger, Context Effect, Contingency Management, Emotional Response