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Conditions Governing Nonreinforced Imitation
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Bandura, Albert; Barab, Peter G. – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Findings of the present experiment reveal that discrimination processes play an influential role in nonreinforced imitation in severly retarded children. (WY)
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Handicapped Children, Imitation, Mental Retardation
The Development of Responsiveness to Vicarious Reinforcement
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Rice, Marine E. – Developmental Psychology, 1976
This study assessed the adequacy of Gewirtz's interpretation of vicarious reinforcement and examined the development of responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement in an experiment in which 98 children (21/2-5 years) performed a discrimination problem while being exposed to a model who was either rewarded or punished on each trial. (SB)
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Early Childhood Education, Imitation, Operant Conditioning
An Observational Study of Maternal Models
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Waxler, Carolyn Zahn; Yarrow, Marian Radke – Developmental Psychology, 1975
Modeling techniques and reinforcements for imitation of 35 mothers were recorded as the mothers interacted with their 19-month-old infants in a seminaturalistic setting. Children's imitations and mothers' reinforcements for imitation were found to be complexly related. (GO)
Descriptors: Imitation, Infants, Interaction Process Analysis, Mothers
The Effect of Chronological Age and Model Reward on Imitative Behavior
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Fein, Greta G. – Developmental Psychology, 1973
A four choice discrimination problem was used to examine imitative behavior in children matched in mental age but differing in chronological age. The finding that older children imitated less than younger children is discussed in terms of socialization. (DP)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Discrimination Learning, Elementary School Students
Comparisons of Vocal Imitation, Tactile Stimulation, and Food as Reinforcers for Infant Vocalizations
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Haugan, Gertrude M.; McIntyre, Roger W. – Developmental Psychology, 1972
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning, Environmental Influences, Extinction (Psychology)
Effects of Vicarious Consequences and Race of Model upon Imitative Performance by Black Children
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Liebert, Robert M.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1972
In this study black children were more likely to match the responses of white models than of black ones. (Authors/MB)
Descriptors: Black Youth, Grade 1, Grade 2, Imitation
Effects of Concurrent and Serial Training on Generalized Vocal Imitation in Retarded Children
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Schroeder, Gerald L.; Baer, Donald M. – Developmental Psychology, 1972
Increase in probe accuracy following concurrent training was consistently greater than following serial training. (Authors)
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Exceptional Child Research, Handicapped Children, Imitation