Traces the evolution of the American adaptations of Isaac Pitman's British phonography and determines the use of these adaptations in both verbatim reporting and in business from 1843 to 1976. Focuses on the modifications of the system made by several American authors. (CT)

Automatic typewriters and dictating equipment, called word processing'', require some changes in office education courses. (MF)

The findings evolved from questionnaires received from 204 firms pertaining to needed skills in spelling, typewriting, automatic typewriting, calculating machines, transcription machines, shorthand, and work processing, as well as to attributes of job attendance, cooperation, courtesy, telephone personality and appearance. (Author)

Relationships between straight-copy typing and shorthand transcription and between production typing and shorthand transcription were studied using data gathered from seventy-three shorthand students. Results of the correlation analyses showed few significant relationships, indicating that transcription skills are unique. (MF)

Rapid installation of word processing systems by organizations challenges educators to produce secretarial and managerial personnel with new skills and knowledge, aware of new career paths (administrative secretary, correspondence secretary); with or without automatic equipment, these can best be learned in established courses where basic skills…