Are the behaviors that constitute the essential features of behavior counseling consistent with the principles of behaviorism that form the substratum for a behavioral counseling approach? The author maintains they are not and presents his arguments in this article. (Author)

The author maintains that counseling, with its developmental tradition, can be responsive to more of the human concerns of today. Hygiology or higher level adjustment is no longer the luxury that it once may have seemed; it is becoming the norm. (Author)

Synergism, as it relates to counseling, refers to the dynamic interaction between an individual and his environment. Presented in this special issue is a series of articles discussing the various implications of this concept for several aspects of counseling. (RP)

This article explains the author's guiding theory of counseling based on her understanding and adaptation of K. Wilber's (2000b) integral psychology (11). She discusses, from an IT perspective, how the psyche develops and changes and the role of counseling in change. She explains her particular resonance to IT, which she considers an inherently…

Seeks to provide a better understanding of the relationship between theory and the counseling process as it affects Black clients. Concludes that understanding the Black client's frame of reference is crucial in assessing the adequacy of counseling theory and in implementing it effectively with Black clients. (JAC)

Reviews elements of Maslow's work and shows how Fromm's distinction between a having and a being mode of experience corresponds with the work of Maslow. Suggests counselors must clarify professional values and concludes that transpersonal psychology offers a way of establishing more positive relationships. (JAC)

Discusses challenges in treating adult survivors of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, and how the relationship with God can either psychologically promote healing or maintain an abusive cycle. Argues that clinicians must understand the dynamic bonding process between abuser and survivor and how this relationship is typically transferred to…

Identifies and examines similarities between counselors as practitioners and as naturalistic inquirers. Argues that drawing on the recognized skills of the counselor and adapting them to research can improve both research and the practice of counseling. Discusses the values, skills, and characteristics of counselors as practitioners and as…

Describes the religious and spiritual dimensions of African American culture and offers strategies, such as metaphor and music, for incorporating these strategies into counseling. Examines the difference between religion and spirituality, provides an overview of African Americans' spiritual traditions, and profiles the neglect of religion and…

The author uses the term "depraved loneliness" to represent the spiritual sickness alluded to in "Alcoholics Anonymous," arguing that combining these terms to form a single paradigm has not been examined. Germinal qualitative research is necessary, and additional study of this proposed condition is encouraged. (Author)

Suggests that a condition of "negative spirituality" underlies and sustains alcoholism and perhaps all addictions. Argues that a secure recovery is not possible unless a "spiritual awakening," such as envisioned by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), is achieved. A broadly applicable conceptual model of spirituality is inferred from the…

Introduces some of the tests of body, mind, and spirit that an Indian traditional seeker of spirit power must endure and the context in which these exercises are experienced. Explores aspects of spirituality and refers to aspects of cross-cultural counseling that may be both helpful and culturally and spiritually congruent. (RJM)

Although little empirical or procedural evidence substantiates this viewpoint, this paper contends that pastoral psychotherapy can and should be unique because the ordained pastor is both a theologian and a representative of the church and, therefore, operates within the context of a community of faith. Challenges pastoral psychotherapists to…

Examines spirituality's importance in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Considers how spirituality, as representative of how one views the world and his or her role in creation, may relieve professional counselors' apprehension about inserting a "theology" into treatment. Provides a brief history of alcoholism treatment and a…

Spiritual development in religiously involved lay women was studied. Differences were found between those who had or had not experienced sexual abuse in childhood, suggesting that the sexually abused may turn to their faith and spirituality for support. Additional findings and implications for spiritual development and counseling are discussed.…