Examined agreement among psychotherapists about nature of healthy psychological functioning. Administered Mental Health Values Questionnaire to national samples of psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and psychoanalysts. Found relatively high degree of consensus among four professional disciplines. Individual differences were associated…

Phenomenological qualitative methods were used to identify and describe moral elements in therapeutic relationships. Using the relational philosophy of E. Levinas (1961/1969, 1979/1987) as a base, data in which therapists and clients identified and described morally responsive experiences in therapy sessions were analyzed. These moments were often…

Compared the attitudes of counselors (N=144) and teachers and administrators (N=44) toward single parent family issues. Subjects completed a 10-item scale. Results indicated educators were more knowledgeable and in closer agreement with research findings than counselors. (JAC)

Surveys attitudes of 147 Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) in 2 southeastern states concerning spirituality in the therapeutic process. Findings indicated that LPCs recognize the importance of being aware of their own spiritual beliefs. Respondents believe that men and women do not experience spirituality differently. LPCs reported that…

In this article, the author distinguishes values from motives, then further separates instrumental values from intrinsic ones. He discusses how both are grounded and suggests how they can be identified by the counselor. (Author)

Compared the moral and religious values of 56 psychiatrists, 173 psychologists, and 282 social workers. In general social workers saw themselves as more religious, but the professionals were appreciably less religious than the Australian population. Psychiatrists tended to be more aware of individual obligations and social standards. (JAC)

Assessed attitudes of 58 counselors and 56 counseling graduate students toward nontraditional careers. Results showed male counselors were more negative toward nontraditional careers than females, and counseling students were more negative than counselors. Participants were much more negative toward men than toward women having nontraditional…

Presents eight categories of client attitudes toward religion and suggests opportunities for religiously oriented counselor responses. Uses four categories to describes how religion may be associated with specific client issues. Contends that an informed appreciation of clients' religiousness and the religious dimensions of many client issues can…

The most frequently identified factor associated with the use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling has been therapists' personal religious attitudes or behaviors. Church attendance and personal religious behaviors, in particular, have been found to correlate with therapists' use of religious and spiritual interventions in…

Administered a test of moral judgment to a group of 30 graduate students with no previous counseling experience who were enrolled in an introductory counseling course. Found high moral development group was superior to a low moral development group in the demonstration of empathy on a counseling tape. (Author/ABL)

Argues that psychologists and personality theorists, who claim that values depend upon needs, have mistakenly reversed the order of dependence. Suggests needs do not determine values, but rather values determine needs. (RC)

Examines the counseling profession's movement away from its activist roots toward policies that are less socially engaged. Concern with individualism, struggle for public acceptance, continued reliance on narrow research interests, and increased emphasis on accreditation and credentialing are discussed as factors contributing to the profession's…

Reviews research on counselor profanity and provides guidelines for its use in counseling. Discourages use of profanity with children; discusses profanity to establish rapport, in later sessions, to reach deeper levels of affect, to help clients focus. Considers counselor's personal value system and offensiveness of profanity to clients.…