Seeks to provide a better understanding of the relationship between theory and the counseling process as it affects Black clients. Concludes that understanding the Black client's frame of reference is crucial in assessing the adequacy of counseling theory and in implementing it effectively with Black clients. (JAC)

Describes the religious and spiritual dimensions of African American culture and offers strategies, such as metaphor and music, for incorporating these strategies into counseling. Examines the difference between religion and spirituality, provides an overview of African Americans' spiritual traditions, and profiles the neglect of religion and…

Explores the experience of Christianity for many African Americans and how such experience provides a foundation for social activism. Discusses Black church burnings with respect to the more traditional Christian African American view of religion. Explores implications for incorporating the religious traditions of Christian African Americans into…