Black Racial Identity Development: Issues and Concerns.

Smith, Elsie M. J.

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Peer reviewed

ERIC Number: EJ396339

Record Type: Journal

Publication Date: 1989

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Black Racial Identity Development: Issues and Concerns.

Smith, Elsie M. J.

Counseling Psychologist, v17 n2 p277-88 Apr 1989

Comments on two opening articles by Parham ("Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence") and Helms ("Considering Some Methodological Issues in Racial Identity Counseling Research"). Suggests that the connotations of victimization and racial conflict in the concept of "psychological Nigrescence" are obsolete. Offers 11 propositions in search of a comprehensive racial identity development theory. (TE)

Descriptors: Black Attitudes, Blacks, Cultural Differences, Ethnicity, Identification (Psychology), Multivariate Analysis, Racial Identification, Reader Response, Reference Groups, Self Actualization, Self Concept

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Opinion Papers

Education Level: N/A

Audience: N/A

Language: English

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