Describes the activities of Orlando Fals-Borda and Maria Cristina Salazar in promoting participatory action research and political activism in Colombia. (SK)

Answers the following questions about transformative research: (1) is the concept needed? (2) does it represent a new methodology? (3) how does it relate to social movements? and (4) is it limited to postindustrial societies? (SK)

Opposing inherent biases in traditional research, feminist research methods acknowledge the worthiness of all human experience and emphasize changed relationships between researcher and researched. A more integrative feminist theory needs to avoid cultural imperialism and an implied universality of "women's experience." (SK)

A researcher's participatory research collaboration with indigenous teachers to develop culturally appropriate practices is used to reflect on the researcher's role as an "inside-outsider." Ways to develop appropriate practices in participatory research are addressed. (SK)

Ecologically sound tourism planning and policy require an empowering community participation. The participatory action research model helps a community gain understanding of its social reality, learn how to learn, initiate dialog, and discover new possibilities for addressing its situation. (SK)

Describes a participatory research project that involved adult education practitioners in the Caribbean in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Explains how participatory research is the process by which knowledge is generated and skills are acquired, by both the researcher and the researched. (SK)

A Namibian project to train agricultural extension staff considered three approaches to curriculum development: content, product, and process. Use of participatory approaches brought new dimensions to the final product, but they cannot become an alternative to working with trainees on their own agenda. (SK)

A participatory research project sought to define community education needs, locate resources, and ensure the sustainability of educational development. Results were used to expand Hall's participatory research model by describing the project through four perspectives: concrete (what was done), communicative (what was said), cognitive (what was…

The Canada-Asia Partnership used participatory action research to promote participation of marginalized communities in development. It was hampered by the positivist research model dominating academic institutions and lack of clarity and consensus among stakeholders. (SK)

The former editor of "Convergence" assesses the last quarter century of adult education, highlighting adult education's link with development; Freire, participatory research, and popular education; and the impetus for women's education and other gender issues. (SK)

Researchers surveyed 102 elderly people in London about their concerns and compared their responses to those of social services staff. The disparity in responses led to a more democratic, participatory research project that gave elderly participants a greater voice in expressing their needs and shaping the services offered. (SK)

A participatory action research project discovered that Honduran women farmers would like more agricultural training but are impeded by cultural perceptions, literacy level, mixed-gender groups, access to resources, and family responsibilities. Recommendations for sensitizing community leaders to the needs of women were made. (SK)

A two-year participatory action research project involved Canadian and Filipino popular theater and development organizations in improving awareness of environmental issues and creating an education performance on community sustainability issues. Issues of time, equity, and cultural difference arose. (SK)

Development can be either incremental or discontinuous, the latter leading to liberatory action. There is a fundamental dilemma involved. On the one hand, educators are trying to change people, forming unavoidable power relations. At the same time, they cannot fully predict the consequences of their efforts. (SK)

Work with tribal cultures in Asia revealed some commonalities of such cultures throughout the world: loss of habitation, conflict with nontribal economic systems, spirituality, and desire for autonomy. Appropriate development strategies must include concern for preserving their alternative world views. (SK)