Ghanian women have a long history as traders. In early 1978, 42 Central Accra schoolgirls and 42 girls engaged in selling were surveyed to determine the relationship of formal education to marketing skills. Formal education was not significantly helpful in promoting schoolgirls' trading knowledge nor in providing skills likely to land them jobs.…

In Upper Volta, a major nonformal educational program attempted to overcome environment and time obstacles to educational participation by rural girls and women. This article discusses project findings on women's time use, the impact of various labor-saving technologies introduced, and women's participation in and attitudes toward project…

Educacion y Trabajo is a Chilean popular education program that provides participants, ages 15-30, with basic technical-skills training, personal-development training (to promote consciousness raising and self-evaluation), on-the-job training, and management training in microenterprises. A study of six female participants showed the program's…