Explores alternative arrangements for adult access to higher education in England and Wales, France, and Germany, and examines the impact of such arrangements on the relationship between the state and higher education. Draws on Weiler's theory of compensatory legitimation to explain why the noise about such policy innovations is louder than the…

Common issues in a review of seven books related to changes in higher education were: expansions, growth, and diversity in 1960s and 1970s; convergence between technological and general academic institutions in the 1970s; institutional autonomy and the role of the state in the 1980s; and governmental pressure to conform to a commercial model of…

Cross-national educational policy "borrowing" seldom has much to do with successful implementation of particular policies in their countries of origin; rather, it has to do with legitimating other related policies. Discusses similarities and differences between the United States and Great Britain with regard to school choice policies and…

From 1982 to 1992, Mendaki (Council on Education for Muslim Children) sought to improve the low achievement of Singapore's minority Malay children through weekend tuition classes, student financial support, and promotion of Islamic values. The government supported Mendaki in the interests of national social integration, but urged the Malay…

Summarizes strengths and weakness of the Japanese approach to vocational training and education. Stresses the Japanese "obsession" with education and the high levels of education obtained by its citizens, the state's commitment to planning and financial support for high standards of industrial training, and industry's commitment to…

Reviews structural reform measures taken by Norway to provide formal equality between vocational and general education. Outlines legal foundations, changes in school enrollment from 1977-78 to 1983-84, admission procedures, and ramifications of these reforms. (NEC)

Compares public intervention schemes in Britain and Norway supporting participation of public educational institutions in the delivery of continuing labor force development and training. These schemes demonstrate that British policy is based on belief in free market principles, while Norwegian policy combines elements of consumer choice and legal…

Prior to the 1980s, Chinese students were educated to submit themselves to national needs based on a rigid manpower plan. Recently, the gradual emergence of a market economy has led to the development of vocational high schools, the possibility of individual choice in careers, and the fading out of job allocation. (KS)

Covers needs in research on higher education in China, theory and practice, higher education and society, history of Chinese education and the experience of other countries (briefly), and educational leadership and mass participation in research. (MH)

Compares the histories of Brazilian and U.S. federal government policies toward educational governance. Argues that current policies that apparently support decentralization and privatization actually ensure the continued hegemony of the state while relieving it of financial and social responsibilities related to efficiency and equity. Contains 47…

Covers the history of higher education in Sri Lanka under British colonial rule and after 1948, including establishment of universities and struggles for administrative control of universities by government ministries. (MH)

Discusses language policy in the multilingual settings of Australia and the Philippines. Examines language policies, language curricula, government initiatives, language attitudes, and cultural maintenance in Australia. Studies language policies, national language development attempts, bilingual policies, viability of minority languages,…

Summarizes administrative roles from the Ministry of Education to boards of education elected by each prefecture and municipality. Discusses local autonomy in relation to national measures promoting educational equality. Identifies educational needs resulting from Japan's world trade, progress in science and technology, and changes in family life.…

Examines the Chinese Marxist educational philosophy of combining education and productive labor, including various types of schools where the idea has been practiced. (MH)

Analyzes political aspects of postapartheid educational transition in South Africa, 1990-93. Focuses on educational politics as a process of negotiating incremental reform, changes in educational objectives and strategies of key progressive organizations, the role of the state in civil society, and the relative importance of equality versus…