Presents an overview of the educational system of the Bedouin Arab minority in southern Israel. Inequities between the Jewish and Arab schools include (1) inadequate school facilities; (2) an insufficient number of qualified teachers and administrators; and (3) an unacceptably high student-to-teacher ratio. A clear reform policy for Bedouin Arab…

Examines the Scottish university tradition and the origins and particulars of Scottish-Anglo differences in higher education. Discusses the 19th-century growth of Scottish universities, which lacked formal entrance requirements; students' rights and power in the university; academic degrees awarded; relationship with the state; and student…

Democratization of education in Japan is still recent, and women continue to lag behind men in higher education. However, women's expectations of social participation are increasingly higher, and in another 10 years women graduates of the mass stage of higher education will reach the age for influential decision-making positions. (JHZ)

Reviews historical context and recent research on vocational education in 15 Commonwealth Caribbean countries and the United States. Identifies supportive American vocational legislation. Derives synthesis based on juxtaposition of vocational education in both regions and draws inferences regarding the larger question of vocationalization. (NEC)

Four sections discuss multicultural education in Scotland, i.e., historical background; cultural minorities (Gaels, Lowland Scots speakers, Irish, Asian, and others); minority needs within the educational system; and minorities, majorities, and the wider context. (AH)

Overviews Finnish schools before 1970 and highlights subsequent reforms. Groups reform problems under four headings: conceptual, attitudinal, administrative, and geographical. (BRR)

A more objective assessment of British colonial education policy calls for a deeper appreciation of the nature and limitations of colonial government, the difficulties associated with interpreting the trusteeship principle, and the influence of local conditions in determining educational policy and practice. (Author)

Presents a historical overview of selection mechanisms determining admission to higher education in Hungary. Discusses traditional centralized control of society and education, shifts in university admission criteria from family background and financial position to political reliability to knowledge and competence, and current trends. Contains 30…

The historically changing reproduction of labor is the thread which holds together all African schooling policies in South Africa, where from the beginning the early White settlers set up a labor-exploitative state. (Author)

Comparative education is late in addressing postmodern issues because of its traditional theoretical orientation and focus on practice and policy. Ideal-typical models illustrate how "modern" educational goals based on notions of national culture and a social contract are being replaced by postmodern emphases on efficiency and…

Challenges conventional views of colonial schooling and its outcomes through analysis of education on the Torres Straits Islands, 1873-1985. Argues that, despite racist educational policies, the schooling introduced social change to the community and that the schooling that Islanders actually got was influenced by local context and customs,…

Compares secondary education in France and England and argues that the content and meaning of both education and educational attainments are significantly different in the two countries. Summarizes educational history, status of the teaching profession, resistance to vocationalism, and educational strategies in both countries. (JHZ)

In Botswana, precolonial Tswana spirituality gave way to European secularization. This, plus related changes in labor patterns, government, and educational practices, led to the transformative educational philosophy that now separates the Tswana from the environment and traditional religious beliefs. This cultural fragmentation underlies the…

Covers needs in research on higher education in China, theory and practice, higher education and society, history of Chinese education and the experience of other countries (briefly), and educational leadership and mass participation in research. (MH)

Compares the histories of Brazilian and U.S. federal government policies toward educational governance. Argues that current policies that apparently support decentralization and privatization actually ensure the continued hegemony of the state while relieving it of financial and social responsibilities related to efficiency and equity. Contains 47…